Analyzing the Effect of Temperature on DO and BOD of the Tapi River using QUAL2Kw Model
Hiralkumari B. Patel1, Namrata D. Jariwala2
1Hiralkumari B. Patel, Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath, Surat (Gujarat), India.
2Dr. Namrata D. Jariwala, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath, Surat (Gujarat), India.
Manuscript received on 17 December 2022 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 December 2022 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 January 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 January 2023 | PP: 1-5 | Volume-12 Issue-2, January 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijitee.B93940112223 | DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B9394.0112223
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Environmental pollution and climate change is the ultimate result of rapid urbanization. The change in environmental conditions resulting from undesirable human activities increases the local ambient temperature, leading to a rise in river water temperatures. Tapi River is the primary source of drinking water for Surat city, Gujarat, India. A stretch of the Tapi River has been studied from Kamrej to the Causeway, which spans approximately 22.39 km. The river water quality was found to be degraded due to the excessive discharge of pollutants from various points and non-point sources. Extreme discharge of pollutants into the river decreases the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. At the same time, due to the increase in temperature, the process of transforming atmospheric O2 gas into a dissolved form also becomes very slow. In this study, the QUAL2Kw one-dimensional water quality model was applied to assess the DO and BOD at various locations. The QUAL2Kw model was calibrated and validated with observed data. The calibrated model was used to evaluate the effects of temperature on the DO and BOD of the Tapi River. The conditions of maximum, minimum, and average temperatures for March, April, and May from 1991 to 2021 were considered. The results revealed that the entire 22.39 km stretch was unable to maintain a minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration; consequently, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) subsequently increased downstream of the river stretch. It was also observed that DO and BOD levels tremendously fluctuate with ambient temperature.
Keywords: BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, QUAL2Kw, Tapi River, Water Quality
Scope of the Article: Environmental Engineering