Volume-2 Issue-1

S. No

Volume-2 Issue-1, December 2012, ISSN:  2278-3075 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

Mohammad Faraji, Mohammad Norouzi Fard, Saeed Mirghasemi

Paper Title:

A New System for Measuring the Auto-Fluo Changes in Age-Related Macula Degeneration after Intravenous Injection of Bavecizumab Medicine

Abstract:   In aged people, age-related macula degeneration is the second prevalent disease after diabetes which causes blindness. The only cure for age-related macula degeneration is the Bavecizumab intravenous medicine injection. To prove this treatment, the number of dead cells in macula area should be considered. In this paper, to obtain the number of dead cells, a novel system has been presented for measuring the existing auto fluorescence in macula area of retinal images. This combinational system is composed from three parts; pre-processing of retinal, processing the images, and understanding the images. The pre-processing level, includes eliminating margins, and reversing retina image. In processing level, the image is segmented, and features are extracted, where the segmentation has been done using techniques like morphology, dynamic thresholding and connected components. The specifications of target areas are the Euclidian distance to the center of the image, and density. In the understanding level of image, collecting the specifications of each class, macula area and the measurable parameter for evaluating the amount of auto fluorescence is obtained which is useful for determining the number of dead cells in macula area. The results are concluded using probabilistic analysis including linear regression and correlation between data. The method is tested on a database composed of 34 retina images belonging to patients of age-related macula degeneration.

Keywords:  Age-related macula degeneration, Connected components, Morphology, Macula, , Retina image.

References:
1.        Z. Liu, C. Opas, S. Krishnan, "Automatic image analysis of fundus photograph", In proceedings of 19th IEEE Int. Conf. on Eng. in Medicine and Biology Society, pp.524-525, 1997.
2.        B. Ege, O. Larsen, O. Hejlesen, "Detection of abnormalities in retinal images using digital image analysis", In proc. of the 11th Scandinavian Conf. on Ima. Proc., pp.833-840, 1999.
3.        T. Walter, J. Klein, P. Massin, A. Erginary, "A contribution of image processing to the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, detection of exudates in colour fundus images of the human retina", IEEE Trans. on Media Imaging., 21(10):1236-1243, 1998.
4.        N. Otsu, "A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms", IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics., Vol.9, No.1, pp.62-66, 1979.
5.        R. M. Rangayyan, "Biomedical image analysis", University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada,’book’, 2005.
6.        R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, "Digital image processing", 2nd.Ed., Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2001.
7.        Li. Huiqi, Opas Chutatape, "Automated feature extraction in color retinal images by a model based approach", IEEE Trans. on Bio. Engi., Vol.51, No.2, Feb. 2004.
8.        N. Katz, M. Goldbaum, et al., "An image processing system for automatic retina diagnosis", SPIE, Vol.902, 1988.
9.        J. Hope Mccoll, "Multivariate probability", Paperback – Jan. 2002.
10.     Z. Peebles Peyton, "Probability, random variables and random signal principles", 2009.

1-6

2.

Authors:

Prahlad Patel

Paper Title:

Control Systems for Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning Systems: Prediction

Abstract:  In this paper, we challenges on performance prediction for control systems in HVAC systems that contains predicting resistance, predicting output voltage, predicting output Pressure, inaccuracies in pneumatic and electronic measuring instruments. Performance prediction is applicable to electric, electronic, and pneumatic type automatic temperature control (ATC) systems. Performance prediction is the process of calculating what the output of the controller should be, based on the conditions being sensed and controlled. Performance prediction is one step in the overall calibration procedure

Keywords:  HVAC, ATC.

References:
1.        R. W. Hains, Control Systems For Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning, Sixth Eition , Springer, 2006.
2.        J. E. Haines, Automatic Control of Heating and Air Conditioning, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 2007.
3.        HVAC System Control, A publication of Trane American Standard Inc 2008.

7-10

3.

Authors:

Bikram Das, Suvamit Chakraborty, Abanishwar Chakraborti, Prabir Ranjan Kasari

Paper Title:

Performance Analysis of BLDC Motor Using Basic Switching Converters

Abstract:   In this paper a comparative study of CSI fed BLDC motor using Boost and Buck Converter are presented. Traditionally BLDC motor drives are fed by Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). Current Source Inverters (CSI) on the other hand does not require the huge DC link capacitor thereby reducing the cost and losses in the system. The large value of the inductor can be replaced using suitable Boost and Buck converter.  In this paper a basic structure of a DC boost converter and a basic structure of a DC buck converter are proposed in PSIM to provide the nominal power to BLDC motor from a fixed DC source and to control the speed of the system. The effectiveness of proposed system is validated by simulation results.

Keywords:  BLDC, Boost, Buck, CSI, VSI, PSIM;

References:
1.        J.Karthikeyan and Dr.R.Dhanaseksran,”DC-DC Converter CSI fed BLDC Motor for Defense Applications”2011 International Conference on Recent Advancement in Electrical,Electronics and Control Engineering.
2.        G.Prasad,etc”Mathematical Modelling and Simulation Analysis of Brushless DC Motor by using SI
3.        MULINK.” International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5,
4.        BikramDas, SuvamitChakraborty, Prabir Rn. Kasari, Abanishwar Chakraborti &Manik Bhowmik” Speed Control of BLDC Motor using Soft Computing Technique and its Stability Analysis” International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5,
5.        Bhim  Singh,  Sanjeev  Singh.”State  of  the  Art  on  Permanent Magnet   Brushless   DC   Motor   Drives”   Journal   of   Power Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2009..
6.        Simulation model for Brushless DC Motors”.JPE 11-2-8
7.        PSIM User’s Guide Version 6.1 Release 3 February 2005.
8.        Simulation software-PowersimPSIM9.0.4_Network.

11-14

4.

Authors:

A. Ramakrishna, B. Navya Sree, P. Sri Harish, S. Swarna, CH. Vasundhara

Paper Title:

Design and Implementation Procedure for Administration and Evaluation in E-Marking-System

Abstract:   In the near future, a pervasive digitization environment can be expected based on the recent progresses and advances in computing and programming technologies. Next generation of evaluation system is transformed from manual evaluation process to digitization evaluation process. The digitization evaluation process is called E-marking system. This E-marking system is designed for digitization of the evaluation process so that we can reduce the errors in the evaluations process and can release the results in more easy way. This paper describes how the digitization is done to evaluation process by giving its related research background including the concept, features, status, and applications of E-marking system. Some of the technical challenges that have been faced during the development process of E-marking system are also presented.

Keywords:  digitalization evaluation processes, E-marking system, digitalization environment, computing, programming technologies.

References:
1.        Hansen, W. J. and Haas, C. (1988). Reading and writing with computers: a framework for explaining differences in performance. Comm. ACM. Vol. 31(9), 1080-1089
2.        Harpster, J. L. (1989). Visual performance on CRT screens and hard copy displays. Human Factors. Vol. 31(3), 247-257. Johnson, M. and Greatorex, J. (2008). Judging text presented on screen: implications for validity. E-Learning. Vol. 5(1), 40-50.
3.        Kurniawan, S. H, and Zaphiris, P. (2001). Reading online or on paper: Which is faster? Proceedings of HCI International 2001. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erbaum Associates.
4.        Mayes, D. K., Sims, V. K. and Koonce, J. M. (2001). Comprehension and workload differences for VDT and paper-based reading. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 28, 367-378.
5.        Bennett, R. E. (2003) On-line Assessment and the Comparability of Score Meaning (ETS RM-03-05), Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
6.        Newton, P., Whetton, C. Adams, E. Bradshaw, J. and Wong, C. (2001) An Evaluation of the 2001 New Technologies Pilot, NFER.
7.        “ICT in Assessment: a three-legged race” Patrick Craven and RobertHarding, February2001, http://www.ocr.org.uk/news/artcl34.htm
8.        “Schooling for Tomorrow. Learning to Change: ICT in Schools” OECD 2001 (http://www.oecd.org)
9.        “Evaluation of Enigma computer based examination pilot (7-9 October1997)”, Trevor Dexter and AlfMassey (UCLES/RED internal report,(January 1998)

15-19

5.

Authors:

Genesis Murehwa, Davison Zimwara, Wellington Tumbudzuku, Samson Mhlanga

Paper Title:

Energy Efficiency Improvement in Thermal Power Plants

Abstract:   The purpose of the study outlined in this is to identify major energy loss areas in Zimbabwe’s thermal power stations and develop a plan to reduce them using energy and exergy analysis as the tools. The energy supply to demand is narrowing down day by day around the world due to the growing demand and sometimes due to ageing of machinery. Most of the power plants are designed by the energetic performance criteria based not only on the first law of thermodynamics , but the real useful energy loss cannot be justified by the fist law of thermodynamics, because it does not differentiate between the quality and quantity of energy. The present study deals with the comparison of energy and exergy analysis of thermal power plants stimulated by coal. Our national electricity requirement is about 2100MW against 1615MW supply; this is evident of about 21% deficit in terms of power requirements. In view of this situation, the project seeks to increase output from the Power Stations (PS) in the process closing down on the power shortages now and in the future through effective and efficiency improvement.

Keywords:  Energy, Exergy, Effective, Efficiency, Improvement, Thermal Power Station

References:
1.        Tekin T. and Bayramoglu M., (1998) Exergy Analysis of the Sugar Production Process from Sugar Beets, Int. J. of Energy Research, Vol 22 ,591-601,1998.
2.        Wiser, Wendell H (2000), Energy resources: occurrence, production, conversion, use .ISBM 0-387-98744-4(alk.paper)
3.        Jin H., Ishida M., Kobayashi M., Nunokawa M., (1997), Exergy Evaluation of Two Current Advanced Power Plants: Supercritical Steam Turbine and Combined Cycle, Trans. of ASME, Vol. 119, pp 250 – 256, Dec. 1997.
4.        Naterer GF, Regulagadda P, Dincer I., (2010), Exergy analysis of a thermal power plant with measured boiler and turbine losses, Applied Thermal Engineering 2010; 30:970–6.
5.        Bejan, (2002), Fundamentals of Exergy Analysis, Entropy Generation Minimization, and the Generation of Flow Architecture, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 26, No. 7, 2002, pp. 545-565.
6.        Rosen MA. (2001) Energy and exergy based comparison of coal-fired and nuclear steam power plants. International Journal of Exergy Analysis 2001.
7.        Kapooria R.K, Kumar S, Kasana K.S,(2008), An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a Rankine cycle: a theoretical investigation, Journal of Energy in Southern Africa.Vol.No.1. February 2008.

20-25

6.

Authors:

Shipra Gupta, Chirag Sharma

Paper Title:

A New Method of Image Compression Using Multi wavelet Technique with MFHWT and ROI in SPIHT

Abstract:   In medical field the images produce by the modality is in the form of large file, in order to get the opinion from other doctors images are send using electronic media. As the file of images is very large to send, we require to have compression for images but with compression there is loss of information in the image. To minimize the loss and to increase the quality of image and requires compression is also to be done, wavelet transformation technology plays a vital role. So, in this paper we consider that multi wavelet with Region of Interest (ROI) selecting portion will not only give the quality but also reduce the loss of information from image. And we are going to implement the multi wavelet transformation with Modified Fast Haar Wavelet Transform (MFHWT) in Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees algorithm.

Keywords:  Medical Image, MFHWT, Multi wavelet, ROI, SPIHT.

References:
1.        Kaur Navjot, Singh Preeti, (2012), “A new method of image compression using improved SPIHT and MFHWT”, IJLRST, Vol.1, Pp-124-126.
2.        Liu Bo, Wang Jianjun, (2009), “Modified SPIHT based image compression algorithm for hardware implementation”, IEEE, Pp-572-576.
3.        Bell .E Amy, Martin .B Michael, (2001), “New image compression techniques using multi wavelet and multi wavelet packets”, IEEE, Vol.10, Pp-500-510.
4.        Adams Damien, Patterson Halsey, (2006), “The haar wavelet transform: Compression and Reconstruction”.
5.        U. S. Ragupathy, D. Baskar, A. Tamilarasi, (2008), “New method of image compression using multiwavelets and set partitioning algorithm”, IEEE.
6.        Kalpana .E, Sridhar .V, (2012), “ECG data compression using SPIHT algorithm and transmission using Bluetooth technology”, IJARECE, Vol.1, Pp-21-29.
7.        Amin .H, Dehmeshki .J, Dehkordi .M, Firoozbakht .M, Martini .M, Qanadli .SD, Youannic .A, (2010), “Compression of digital medical images based on multiple regions of interest”, IEEE, Pp-260-263.

26-27

7.

Authors:

Jaspreet Kaur, Chirag Sharma

Paper Title:

An Efficient Technique of Multimodality Medical Image Fusion using Improved Contourlet Transformation

Abstract:   In medical field to diagnosis the disease an advance technology is used that is multimodality images. To find best diagnosis for a particular disease we perform image fusion. Major issue in multimodality medical image fusion is how to fuse two or more images of different modalities, so that we get more accurate information. To perform efficient fusion contourlet transformation gives the up to mark results. So, In this paper, we propose an improved contourlet transformation, in which we are using multi scale decomposition and considering that DFBs can be modified with Log Gabor Filter in place of low pass and high pass filter. Log Gabor filter localizes an image more accurately and also minimizes the DC Component (noise in image) with which we are improving the quality of fused image. In this paper, we are considering Registered Medical Images. Performance of proposed method is evaluated by five qualities.

Keywords:  CNT, DFBs, Log Gabor Filter Multimodalities Medical images fusion.

References:
1.        Mo Tingting, Shi Yuehua, Wei Yipeng, ZhaoFeng, ZhuYongxin,(2009),”Implementing Contourlet Transform for Medical Image Fusion on Heterogenous Platform”, IEEE, Pp 115-120.  
2.        Thanushkodi K., Umaamaheshvari A.,(2010),“Image fusion techniques”, IJRRAS 4 (1).
3.        R. Redondo, F. Šroubek, S. Fischer, G. Cristóbal, (2008),“Multifocus image fusion using the log-Gabor transform and a Multisize Windows technique”
4.        Kavitha S, Rajkumar S, (2009),“Redundany Discrete Wavelet Transform and Contourlet Transform for Multimodality Medical Image Fusion with Quantitative Analysis”,IEEE Pp 134-139
5.        Fang Zhijun, Huang Shuying,  Park Dong Sun, Yang Yong, Wang Zhengyou,(2009),”Wavelet based Approach for Fusing Computed Tomography and Magnetic
Resonance Images”, Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC 2009) Pp 5770-5774.
6.        Singh Nupur  , Tanwar Pinky,(2012),”Image fusion using improved Contourlet Transform Technique”,International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-1, Issue-2,Pp 131-139

28-30

8.

Authors:

Goriwondo, W.M., Zimwara, D., Mhlanga, S, Mutopa, C.T., Nkomo, F, Gutu, T and Ngwena, P.

Paper Title:

Challenges Faced by Manufacturing Companies in Sustaining Conformance to ISO9001:2008 in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of a Textiles Manufacturing Company

Abstract:   Development of the ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System (QMS) has seen many companies willing to implement it and get certification so as to improve quality delivery. Due to the globalization phenomenon, certification to ISO9001 becomes a prerequisite.  Many manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe have been certified in a quest to improve their quality delivery. The main certification body in Zimbabwe is the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). This paper is based on a case study research for KT Textiles and it assesses the challenges that one certified manufacturing company is facing in a bid to sustain conformance to the ISO 9001: 2008QMS. Questionnaires and Interviews were the main research instruments used in the study. There was also reference to archival records and minutes of important meetings from the organization. Using stratified random sampling, questionnaires were administered to both managers and employees drawn from different departments. Employees were also interviewed to provide further information to compliment the questionnaire data. The data was analyzed using statistical graphs and charts. This research identified how the organization applies the 8 principles of ISO 9001:2008 QMS. The research findings revealed that the main challenges faced by the firm in maintaining the QMS are lack of top management involvement and support, lack of employee creativity and innovation, lack of focused internal audits, preventive maintenance schedule and data analysis lack priority.

Keywords:  Quality Management System, ISO 9001: 2008, Textile Manufacturing, Sustainable quality improvement.

References:
1.        Al-Refaie, A., Ghnaimat, O. and Li, M. H. (2012), “Effects of ISO 9001 Certification and KAAE on Performance of Jordanian firms,” Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (JJMIE), Vol. 6(1), p.45-53.
2.        Schonberger, R., 1994, Total Quality: Teamsmanship over Leadership,  Benchmarking for Quality Management and Technology, Vol.1, No.1., pp 38-47., MCB, University Press
3.        Chikuku, T., Chinguwa, S. and Macheka, M. (2012), “Evaluation of the impact of obtaining ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System (QMS) Certification byManufacturing Companies in Zimbabwe,” International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology  (IJEST), Vol. 4 (9), p.4168-4186.
4.        Slack, N., Chambers, S., Johnston, R. and Betts, A. (2006) Operations and Process Management: Principles and practice for strategic impact, 1st Edition, London, Pearson Education Limited.
5.        Ramesh, P. R. and Jain, R. (2012), “ISO 9000 Certification losing its credibility,” International Journal for Quality Research, Vol. X(X), p.201-206.
6.        Nikezic, S. and Bataveljic, D. (2012), “Elements of Leadership in infrastructure management corporation quality in Trayal,” International Quality Conference, Serbia, p.265-276.
7.        Santos, G., Mendes, F. and Barbosa, J. (2011), “Certification and Integration of Management Systems: The experience of Portuguese small and medium enterprises,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 19, p.1965-1974.
8.        International Organization for Standardization (2008) ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System Requirements, 4th Edition, Geneva, Switzerland.
9.        Zeng, S. X., Tian, P. and Tam, C. M. (2007), “Overcoming barriers to sustainable implementation of the ISO 9001 System,” Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 22(3), p.244-254.
10.     Goriwondo, W.M. and Maunga, N., 2012, Lean Six Sigma Application for Sustainable Production: A Case Study for Margarine Production In Zimbabwe, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, Vol.1, Issue 5, pp 87-96.
11.     Kumar, D. A. and Balakrishan, V. (2011), “A study on ISO 9001 Quality Management  System: Reason behind the failure of ISO Certified Organizations,” Global Journal of Management and Business Research, Vol. XI (XI), p,43-50.
12.     Casadesus, M. and Gimenez, G. (2000), “The benefits of the implementation of the ISO 9000 Standards: Empirical research in 288 Spanish companies,” The Total Quality Management Magazine, Vol. 12 (6), p.432-440.
13.     Magd, H., Kadasah, N. and Curry, A. (2003), “ISO 9000 Implementation: A study of Manufacturing Companies in Saudi Arabia,” Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 18 (4), p.313-440.
14.     Pan, J. N. (2003), “A comparative study on motivation and experience with ISO 9001 and  ISO14001 Certification among Far Eastern Countries,” Industrial Management and Data Systems Journal, Vol. 103 (8), p.564-578.
15.     Singh, P. (2008), “Empirical assessment of ISO 9000 related management practices and performance relationships in Australian firms,” Internal Journal of roduction Economics, Vol. 113, p.40-59.
16.     Saunders, M., Levin, P. and Thornhill, A. (2000) Research Methods for Business Students,  2nd Edition, London, Prentice-Hall.  

31-37

9.

Authors:

KarunaKumar.G, K.Ramteja

Paper Title:

Modal Analysis of Porosity Defects in High Pressure Die Casting with a Neural Network

Abstract:   High Pressure Die Casting   (HPDC) is a complex process that   results in casting defects if configured improperly. However, finding out the optimal   configuration is a non -trivial task as eliminating one of the casting defects (for example, porosity) can result in occurrence of other casting defects. The industry generally tries to eliminate the defects by   trial and   error which is an expensive   and   error -prone process. This paper   aims to improve  current  modelling  and  understanding  of  defects  formation  in  HPDC  machines.  We have conducted conventional die casting tests with a neural network model of HPDC machine and compared the obtained results with the current understanding of formation of porosity.  While most of our findings correspond well to established knowledge in the field, some of our findings are in conflict with the previous studies of die casting.

Keywords:  Artificial Neural Network, High Pressure Die Casting, Porosity.

References:
1.        Andresen  W.  T.  and  Guthrie  B ., “Using Taguchi and Metflow to Determine Relationships Between Process Variables andPorosity”,15th International Die Casting Congress   and  Exposition,  St.  Louis, MO.October1989.
2.        Asquith, B.     M .,          “The   Use   of   Process Monitoring   to  Minimize   Scrap   in  the   Die Casting Process”,  NADCA  Transactions  ,  T97-063,1997.
3.        Elkan, C ,“The Paradoxical Success of Fuzzy Logic”, Proceedings of the Eleventh  National Conference  on  Artificial  Intelligence,  AAAI Press,pp.698—703, 1993.
4.        Garber, L. W.,“Filling of Cold Chamber during   Slow-Shot   Travel”,   DieCasting Engineer,July-August36-381981.
5.        Garber, L. W.,“Theoretical Analysisand Experimental  Observation  of  Air  Entrapment during  Cold  Chamber  Filling”,  DieCasting Engineer,May-June,14-22,1982.
6.        Huang J.,CallauP.andConleyJ.G.,“AStudy ofNeuralNetworks forPorosityPredictionin Aluminium AlloyA356Castings”,inB.G. Thomas and C.Beckermann, (Eds),Modellingof Casting, Welding, and Solidification Processes,VIII,TMS,June,1998,pp.1111-1118.
7.        JainA. S.andMeeran S., “Astate-of-the-art reviewofjob-shopscheduling techniques”, Technical report, Department of Applied Physics, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, 1998.
8.        Kong  L. X ,  Nahavandi  S.,  and Baliga  B., “Defect analysis of high pressure die  castings with artificial intelligence  technology”, Pacific Conference on Manufacturing, 506-511, Lawrence Technological    University, USA ,2000.
9.        PlauchniakM .and Millage B. A., “New Closed Shot Control System Features Total Integration”, Die Casting Engineer , 1993.
10.     Pomerleau D. A, “Neural Network Perception for Mobile Robot Guidance”, PhD Thesis, The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ,1992.
11.     RumelhartD., Hinton G.,and Williams R., “Learning Internal Representations  by Error Propagation”, in D. Rumelhartetal(eds), ParallelDistributedProcessing1 , MITPress,318-362, 1986.
12.     ThomeM .andBrevick J. R . , “Optimal Slow Shot Velocity Profiles for Cold Chamber Die Casting”, NADCA Transactions , 1995.
13.     Yarlagadda P. K. D. V. and Chiang E. C.,  “A neural network system for the prediction of process  parameters  in  pressure  die  casting”, Journal of  Materials Processing Technology, vol. 8 9- 90, pp. 583- 590, 1999.

38-42

10.

Authors:

Madhura Tilak

Paper Title:

An Area Efficient, High Speed Novel VHDL Implementation of Linear Convolution of Two Finite Length Sequences Using Vedic Mathematics

Abstract:   This paper presents a novel method of implementing linear convolution of two finite length sequences (N×N) in hardware using hardware description language (VHDL). The proposed method uses modified design approach by replacing the conventional multiplier by Vedic multiplier internally in the implementations. The proposed method is efficient in terms of computational speed, hardware resources and area significantly. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is tested by simulations and comparisons with different design approaches using XILLINX software. The presented circuit consumes less power and has a delay of 17ns from input to output. The proposed circuit is also modular, expandable and regular which provides flexibility to form different number of bits.

Keywords:  N×N, VHDL, XILLINX.

References:
1.        K.Mohammad,S.Agaian,“Efficient FPGA implementation of convolution”, Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics San Antonio, TX, USA - October 2009
2.        Swami Bharati Krshna Tirthaji,“Vedic Mathematics.” Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1965.
3.        V.Kunchigi,L.Kulkarni,,S.Kulkarni-“High  Speed and Area Efficient Vedic Multiplier”
4.        P.Mehta,D.Gavli,“Conventional versus Vedic mathematical method for Hardware implementation of a multiplier”, 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies.

43-45

11.

Authors:

Devajit Mahanta, Majidul Ahmed

Paper Title:

E-Learning Objectives, Methodologies, Tools and its Limitation

Abstract:   E-Learning is the use of technology to enable people to learn anytime and anywhere. E-Learning can include training, the delivery of just-in-time information and guidance from experts. It has become an increasingly popular learning approach in higher educational institutions due to the rapid growth of Internet technologies. E-Learning allows users to fruitfully gather knowledge and education both by synchronous and asynchronous methodologies to effectively face the need to rapidly   acquire   up   to   date   know-how   within   productive environments. There is also present various limitations in E-Learning. This review  work  discusses on various E-Learning Objectives, methodologies and tools and limitation of E-Learning. The main focus of e-learning methodologies is on both asynchronous and synchronous methodology. The paper looked into the three major e-learning tools .The paper also looked E-Learning limitation in particular related with technologies, personal issues, comparison with traditional campus learning, design issues, and other issues .Finally the paper suggests that synchronous tools should be integrated into asynchronous environments to allow for “any-time” learning model and also given a remark that E-Learning needs to improve from various barriers.

Keywords:  E-learning; Methodology; Tools; Limitation; Synchronous tools

References:
1.        Tavangarian D., Leypold M., Nölting K., Röser M.,(2004). Is e-learning the Solution for Individual Learning? Journal of e-learning, 2004.
2.        Ajayi,   I.A. (2008).   Towards   effective   use   of   information   and communication   technology   for   teaching   in   nigerian   colleges   of education. Asian J. Inf. Technol. 7(5): 210 - 214.
3.        Bayne, S.  and Cook, J.(2006). "WebCT vs BlackBoard? An Evaluation of   Two         Virtual     Learning Environments",http://www.ltss.bris.ac.uk/interact21/in21p04.htm,
4.        http://www.resourcebridge.net/Articles/eLearn_Objectives.html
5.        http://elearning.jiscinvolve.org/wp/e-learning-programme-aims/
6.        Campbell, J. D.  and Mahling, D. E. (1998). “A Visual Language System for Developing and Presenting Internet-Based Education”. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages. Nova Scotia, Canada, 1998, pp.: 66-67.
7.        Capozzi, M. M. (2007). "Knowledge Management Architectures Beyond Technology".    First Monday           12            (6). http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1 871/1754
8.        Czerniewicz, L .,and Brown, C. (2009). A virtual wheel of fortune? Enablers and constraints of ICTs in Higher Education in South Africa. In S. Marshall, W. Kinuthia and W. Taylor (Eds.), Bridging the Knowledge Divide (pp57-76). Charlote, NC: Information Age Publishing.
9.        Demetriadis,  S.,  Triantfillou,  E.,  and  Pombortsis,  A.  (2003)."A phenomenographic study of students' attitudes toward the use of multiple media  for learning,"  Proceedings  of the 8th annual conference  on Innovation and technology in computer science education, 2003.
10.     Deshpande, S.G., and Hwang, J.-N. (2001)."A Real-Time Interactive Virtual  Classroom  Multimedia  Distance  Learning  System,"  IEEE  TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA (3:4), DECEMBER 2001, pp 432-444.
11.     Douglas, I.(2001).  “Instructional Design Based on Reusable Learning Object: Applying Lessons of Object-Oriented Software Engineering to Learning System  Design”.  In Proceeding ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Reno, NV, 2001. Vol. 3. pp.: F4E1-F4E5.
12.     Haythornthwaite, C.(1999).  "Collaborative  Work  Networks  among Distributed Learners,"Proceedings  of the  32nd Hawaii International  Conference on System Sciences, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1999.
13.     Hiltz, S.R. and Turoff, M. (2002). “ What makes learning networks effective?”,Communicationsof the ACM(45:5) 2002, pp56-59
14.     http://elearningweekly.wordpress.com/2007/05/16/implications- of-informal-learning-on-elearning/ BY JOY CROSS
15.     Kaplan-Leierson, E.(2006). E-learning glossary. Retrieved on January 10, 2006 from http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html. Collins, C., Buhalis, D. & Peters, M., A., (2003), ‘Enhancing SMTEs
16.     Business performance through the Internet and Elearning platforms Education + Training, vol.45, no.8/9, pp.483-494
17.     Collins, G.R., (2002), ‘Case Study: A Satellite-based Internet Learning System for the Hospitality Industry’, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol.5 no.4.
18.     Dearnley, C., (2003), ‘Student Support in Open Learning:Sustaining the process’, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol.4, no.1.
19.     Dringus, L.P., (2003), ‘From both sides now : On being an Online Learner and Online Instructor’, E-Learn Magazine, Association of Computing Machinery, [onlineassessed 25 April 2003]. URL:http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage/sub_page.cfm?section=3&list_item=1&page=1
20.     Evans, C. & Fan, J.P., (2002), ‘Lifelong Learning through the Virtual University’, Campus-Wide Information Systems, vol.19, no.4, pp.127-134.
21.     Evans, J.R. & Haase, I.M., (2001), ‘Online business education in the twenty-first century: an analysis of potential target markets’, Internet Research: Networking Applications and Policy, vol.11, no.3, pp.246-260.

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12.

Authors:

Zimwara, D., Goriwondo, W.M, Mhlanga, S., Chasara, T., Chuma, T., Gwatidzo, O. and Sarema, B.

Paper Title:

World Class Manufacturing status Assessment for a Margarine Producing Company in Zimbabwe

Abstract:   The world has become global in the way goods and services are produced and marketed. The stiff global competition faced by these companies necessitates a need to embark on radical strategies in the form of World Class manufacturing philosophies to survive, make profit and remain competitive. While companies in developing countries strive to adopt these World Class Manufacturing (WCM) philosophies into their production process, there is often lack of a measure on their progress towards world class manufacturing status besides the improvement in productivity. This paper’s focus is on how companies can assess their progress in terms of achieving a world class manufacturing status. The research starts with an assessment of the world class status of the company that has adopted best manufacturing practices. A Current State Radar Chart (CSRC) is drawn to see the company’s position on the radar. Researches methods (questionnaires, interviews, company audit) are used to identify wastes according to WCM.  WCM techniques were used to minimise wastes. A Future State Radar Chart (FSRC) is drawn to assess the improvements made. The company was operating its margarine production process at 35% of a world class process. The major waste identified was the downtime. Downtime contributed to 74% of the total available time leaving production only 26% of the available time.  WCM techniques realised a reduction in downtime by 30% and increased the available time for production to 56%. These changes achieved a 56% of a world class process on the FRC drawn.

Keywords:  Lean manufacturing, Margarine Production, World Class Manufacturing.

References:
1.        Goriwondo W.M., and Maunga N, (2012) Lean Six Sigma Application for Sustainable Production: A Case Study for Margarine Production in Zimbabwe, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-1, Issue-5, October 2012pp 87-96
2.        Sterner, R. W. et tal, (2012) The Conservation of Mass. Nature Education Knowledge Conference University of Minnesota
3.        Spx equipment manufacturers (2012),Available from:http://www.spx.com/en/assets/pdf/GS_margarine_production_07_12_GB_web.pdf [ACCESSED 02/11/2012]
4.        Klaus A. A., (2005)Margarine Processing, Plants and Equipment Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Sixth Edition, Six Volume Edited by Fereidoon Shahidi:  John Wiley & Sons
5.        Audioenglish.net (n.d) Available from: http://www.audioenglish.net/dictionary/pasteurization.htm [ACCESSED 09/11/2012]
6.        Michael M. C., (2005)Margarines and Spreads Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Sixth Edition, Six Volume Edited by Fereidoon Shahidi:  John Wiley & Sons
7.        Murino,T., Naviglio, G. and Romano E, (2012), A world class manufacturing implementation model, Applied mathematics in electrical and computer engineering,ISBN:978-1-61804-064-0.
8.        Salaheldin, S.S. and Eid, R., (2007), The implementation of world class manufacturing techniques in the Egyptian manufacturing firms: An empirical study, industrial Management &Data systems,Vol.107 Iss:4,pp 551-566
9.        Lubrich, L. and Watson, M., (2004). Implementing world class manufacturing: business manual, WCM associates, ISBN No.0966290615.
10.     Bonte, L., (2012), Our journey to world class manufacturing, transforming tomorrow, ArcelorMittal, News and media.
11.     Ranky, P.G., (1999), Concurrent Engineering Video Programs Vol.7&8 for Engineering, Computing and Management Students and Professionals, CIMware
publishers.
12.     Womack J. P., and Jones D. T., (1996) Lean Thinking: Simon & Schuster
13.     Trojeck D ., (2012) Available from: http://dantrojacek.wordpress.com/2012/07/05/lean-manufacturing-eliminating-the-8-hidden-wastes-part-1-of-8-the-d-in-downtime/  [ACCESSED 19/11/2012]
14.     AME, (2008) Available from :http://www.leanvalue.com [ACCESSED 01/10/2012]
15.     Adopt Lean, (2012) Available from:http://www.adoptlean.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=77  [ACCESSED  15/10/2012]
16.     Hines P. and Taylor D., (2000) Going Lean: Lean Enterprise Research Center
17.     Spear S., (2004)Learning To Lead At Toyota: Harvard Business Review
18.     Folkgroup, (2008), Available from:http://www.folkgroup.com/leanmanufacturing.pdf [ACCESSED 10/10/2012)
19.     Womack J. P., Jones D T. and Ross D.,  1990. The machine that changed the world, Macmillan Company, New York.
20.     Alpha algae , (n.d) Available from: http://alphaalgae.wikispaces.com/file/view/CIP.doc [ACCESSED 19/11.2012]

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13.

Authors:

Dillip Kumar Mahapatra, Tanmaya Kumar Das

Paper Title:

Prioritizing SCM for Managing Inconsistency in Distributed Software Project Development

Abstract: The evolution of software engineering has been constant over the past four decades. Some major technological discontinuities, however, can be identified in this progress, which caused a more radical rethinking of the previous established approaches. This, in turn, generated research for new methods, techniques and tools to properly deal with the new challenges. Distributed Software Development (DSD) has recently evolved, resulting in an increase in the available literature. Organizations now have a tendency to make greater development efforts in more attractive zones. The main advantage of this lies in a greater availability of human resources in decentralized zones at less cost. There are, however, some disadvantages which are caused by the distance that separates the development teams. Coordination and communication become more difficult as the software components are sourced from different places, thus affecting project organization, project control, and product quality. New processes and tools are consequently necessary. This paper highlights the software engineering process for distributed software development and related topics in coordination of projects and project artifacts.  Different configuration management systems (CMS) approaches and techniques are discussed; these include client-server, k-mutual exclusion, and distributed configuration management systems.  New trends in CMS technologies and approaches are also outlined here.  Some major areas are addressed in this paper like: how does CMS enable collaborative work; information exchange among clients at different geographical areas and the knowledge management  across distributed clients.

Keywords:  Aggregation, Co-operative, Collaborative, Editors, Knowledge Management, Milestones, SCM, Release, Version, Version-Control.

References:
1.        Ebert and P. De Neve, “Surviving global software development,” IEEE Software, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 62–69, 2001. View at Publisher View at Google Scholar.
2.        Cheng, L. et al.  Jazz: A Collaborative Application Development Environment.  In Proceedings of OOPSALA’03, Anaheim, CA, pp. 102-103, 2003.
3.        Cheng, L. et al.  Building Collaborations into IDEs.  ACM Queue, pp.40-50, December/January 2003-2004.
4.        Chu-Carroll, Mark C., Wright, James, and Shields, David.  Supporting Aggregation in Fine Grain Software Configuration Management.  SIGSOFT 2002/FSE-10, pp. 99-108.  November 18-22, 2002, Charleston, SC, USA.
5.        Froehlich, Jon, and Dourish, Paul.  Unifying Artifacts and Activities in a Visual Tool for Distributed Software Development Teams.  Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’04).  IEEE. 2004.
6.        Estublier, Jacky.  Software configuration management: a roadmap.  Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering, p. 279-289, 2000, Limerick Ireland.
7.        Gutwin, C., and Greenberg, S. The Importance of Awareness for Team Cognition in Distributed Collaboration. In E. Salas and S. M. Fiore (Editors) Team Cognition: Understanding the Factors that Drive Process and Performance, pp. 177-201, Washington:APA Press.  2004.
8.        Gutwin, C., Penner, R., and Schneider, K.  Group Awareness in Distributed Software Development.  In Proceedings of Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) 2004, Chicago, IL, pp. 72-81, November 6-10, 2004.
9.        Locasto, M. et al.  CLAY: Synchronous Collaborative Interactive Environment.  The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges, vol. 17, issue 6, pp. 278-281, May 2002.
10.     Mehra, Akhil, Grundy, John, and Hosking, John.  Supporting Collaborative Software Design with Plug-in, Web Services-based Architecture.  Workshop on Directions in Software Engineering Environments (WoDiSEE).  Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’04).  IEEE.  2004.
11.     Microsoft Corporation.  Visual Source Safe.  Available at http://visualsourcesafe.com, February 2005.
12.     Microsoft Corporation.  Visual Studio 2005 Team System.  Available at http://lab.msdn.microsoft.com/ teamsystem/ default. aspx, April 2005.
13.     O’Reilly, Ciaran, Morrow, P, and Bustard, D.  Improving conflict detection in optimistic concurrency control models.  In 11th International Workshop on Software Configuration Management (SCM-11), pp. 191-205, 2003.
14.     O’Reilly, Ciaran.  A Weakly Constrained Approach to Software Change Coordination.  Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’04).  IEEE.  2004.
15.     Perry, D.E., Siy, H.P., and Votta, L.G.  Parallel changes in large-scale software development: An observational case study.  ACM Transactions of Software Engineering and Methodology, 10(3):308-337, 2001.
16.     Preston, J.  A Web-Service-based Collaborative Editing System Architecture.  Pending acceptance for the International Conference on Web Services, Orlando, FL, July 2005.
17.     Sarma, A., Noroozi, Z., and van der Hoek, A.  Palantir: Raising awareness among configuration management workspaces.  In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 444-454, 2003.
18.     Schneider, Christian, Zündorf, Albert, and Niere Jörg.  CoObRa – a small step for development tools to collaborative environments.  Workshop on Directions in Software Engineering Environments (WoDiSEE).  Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’04).  IEEE.  2004.
19.     Sommerville, I.  Software Engineering 6th Edition.  Addison Wesley, Harlow, England.  2001.  pp. 4-17.
20.     Walter, J. et al.  A K-Mutual Exclusion Algorithm for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks.  Principles of Mobile Computing '01.  Newport, Rhode Island USA.  2001.
21.     Wu, D. and Sarma, R.  Dynamic Segmentation and Incremental Editing of Boundary Representations in a Collaborative Design Environment.  Proceedings of the sixth ACM symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications, Ann Arbor Michigan, pp. 289-300, May 2001.
22.     Younas, M. and Iqbal, R. Developing Collaborative Editing Applications using Web Services, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Collaborative Editing, Helsinki, Finland, September 115, 2003.

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14.

Authors:

Jadhav Mahesh V, Zoman Digambar B, Y R Kharde, R R Kharde

Paper Title:

Performance Analysis of Two Mono Leaf Spring Used For Maruti 800 Vehicle

Abstract:   In this paper we look on the suitability of composite leaf spring on vehicles and their advantages. Efforts have been made to reduce the cost of composite leaf spring to that of steel leaf spring. The achievement of weight reduction with adequate improvement of mechanical properties has made composite a very replacement material for convectional steel. Material and manufacturing process are selected upon on the cost and strength factor. The design method is selected on the basis of mass production. From the comparative study, it is seen that the composite leaf spring are higher and more economical than convectional leaf spring. After prolonged use of conventional metal Coil Spring, its strength reduces and vehicle starts running back side down and also hits on the bump stoppers (i.e. Chassis). This problem is entirely removed by our special purpose Composite leaf Springs.

Keywords:  Ansys 14.0, Mono composite leaf Spring, Pro-E Wildfire 4.0

References:
1.       Mallick PK. Composite engineering handbook. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1997.
2.       Katz H.S., Mileski J.V. Handbook of Fillers for Plastics, (1987), November 30, A Von Nostrand Reihold book.
3.       Al-Quershi HA. Automobile leaf springs from composite materials. J Mater Process Technology 2001; 108: Pg. no. 58–61
4.       Senthil kumar and Vijayarangan, “Analytical and Experimental studies on Fatigue life Prediction of steel leaf spring and composite leaf multi leaf spring for Light
passenger vehicles using life data analysis” ISSN 1392 1320 material science Vol. 13 No.2 2007.
5.       Shiva Shankar and Vijayarangan “Mono Composite Leaf Spring for Light Weight Vehicle Design, End Joint, Analysis and Testing” ISSN 1392 Material Science Vol. 12, No.3, 2006.
6.       Rajendran I., Vijayarangan, S. Design and Analysis of a Composite Leaf Spring Journal of Institute of Engineers India 82 2002: pp. 180 – 187.
7.       Pro-E Wildfire 4.0 and ANSYS 14.0 help.
8.       ASME standard specifications of handbook.

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15.

Authors:

Ankita Sancheti

Paper Title:

Pixel Value Differencing Image Steganography Using Secret Key

Abstract:   In this paper, secure steganography is used to obtain high capacity of image for data hiding. Both color and gray scale images have been used as cover file for PVD method. Then a secret key is used to control the message embedding process. To estimate how many secret bits will be embedded into the pixel, largest difference value between the other three pixels close to the target pixel is used. This makes edge areas of image to be used for higher embedding capacity. In order to avoid the need of a copy of cover file at receiver, size of message file is also embedded in stego file. Thus only stego-image is required at receiver. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is used to measure the quality of stego images.

Keywords:  Steganography, PVD, PSNR, Cryptography

References:
1.        Han-ling∗ZHANG, Guang-zhi GENG , Cai-qiong Xiong. (Nov 2009) “Image Steganography using Pixel-Value Differencing.” Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security, 2009. 109-112
2.        S. M. Masud Karim, Md. Saifur Rahman, Md. Ismail Hossain. (Dec 2011), “A New Approach for LSB Based Image Steganography using Secret Key.” 14th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2011).
3.        Chang, C.C.,Tseng, H.-W., A steganographic method for digitalimages using side match, Pattern Recognition Lett.25, 2004:1431-1437
4.        J. K. Mandal and Debashis Das. David C. Wyld, (2012) “Steganography Using Adaptive Pixel Value Differencing (APVD) of Gray Images Through Exclusion of Overflow/Underflow.”: CCSEA, SEA, CLOUD, DKMP, CS & IT 05, IT-CSCP 2012. 93–102
5.        T Mrkel., JHP Eloff and MS Olivier, An Overview of Image Steganography, in Proceedings of the fifth annual Information Security South Africa Conference, (2005).
6.        József LENTI. “Steganographic Methods.” PERIODICA Polytechnica SER. EL. ENG. VOL. 44, NO. 3–4, PP. 249–258 (2000)
7.        H.-C Wu, N.-I Wu, C.-S Tsai, M.-S Hwang. Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods.IEE proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process, Vol.152, No.5, Oct 2005:611-615
8.        Adnan M.Alattar , Reversible Watermark using the Difference Expansion of a Generalized Integer Transform.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Aug.2004,13(8): 1147-1156
9.        Chan,C.K.,Cheng,L.M., Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution, Pattern Recognition 37, 2004. 469-474  

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16.

Authors:

M. S. Vanjale, R. D. Joshi, S. B. Vanjale

Paper Title:

Network Lifetime Extension by DSR Modification in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract:   Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is  self-organizing and  self-configuring  network  that  provides  mobile  users  with communication  facility  and   information  access  regardless  of location   and   any   centralized   control.   The   most   important characteristic of such networks is the independence of any fixed infrastructure. Therefore, it can be rapid and easily  deployed. The typical application of Ad Hoc networks includes battle field communication,   emergency   relief,    information   sharing   at conference  or  classroom  etc.  Routing  is  one  of  the  important issues in MANETs due  to their highly dynamic and distributed nature. Also nodes in MANET are usually battery powered. Draining  out  of  a  node  can  partition  the  network  and result  into  reduced packet delivery and network lifetime. In this paper one of the existing protocols is selected and modified to make it energy efficient. The modified algorithm tries to       increase network lifetime  by implementing few modifications to basic DSR protocol. Remaining node energy is used to implement energy conservation. It is observed from the simulations that this algorithm improves network lifetime of MANETs.

Keywords:  Routing, DSR, AODV, DSDV, MANET

References:
1.        Perkins C., Roger E., “Ad Hoc On Demand    Distance Vector Routing”, proceedings 2nd IEEE workshop   on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications,   Feb. 1999.
2.        D. B. Johnson, Y. Hu & D. Maltz, “The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for MANET”, INTERNET- DRAFT, draft- ietf- manet- dsr-03.txt, RFC 4728, Feb. 2007.
3.        Perkins C., Bhagwat P., “Highly Dynamic Destination Sequenced  Distance   Vector      Routing    for           Mobile Computers”, Computer Communication Review,
Oct. 1994.
4.        Network Simulator – ns 2, http:/www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns. [5]          Xiaoqin Chen, Haley M. Jones, A. D. S. Jayalath,
5.        “Congestion aware routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks”, IEEE, 2007.
6.        K. Murugan,  S. Shanmugavel “ Traffic Dependent  & energy based time delay Routing algorithms for improving energy efficiency in MANET”, EURASIP Journal  on  Wireless  Communiations  and  Networking 2005.
7.        Mohammad Ilyas, “The Handbook of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks”, CRC Press.
8.        M.  Tamilarasi,  S.  Chandramathi,  T.G.  Palanivelu,  “ Efficient  Energy      Management  for  Mobile  Ad  Hoc Networks”, UBICC Journals, 20 Nov. 2008.
9.        S. Sivasankar, C. Chellapan, S. Balaji, “         Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficient On demandRouting Algorithms for MANET”, IEEE Region 10 Colloquium &
third ICIIS KharagPur, INDIA, 2008.
10.     Geetha   Jayakumar   and   G.   Gopinath,   “Performance Comparison            of           Mobile     Ad-hocNetwork       Routing Protocol”, IJCSNS   International Journal of Computer Science          and Network Security, VOL7, No.11, pp 1-8, November 2007.

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