Volume-14 Issue-5, April 2025 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

E461314050625

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 12:20:36 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. Challenges of Industry and their Solutions, Communications #Advanced Manufacturing Technologies #Artificial Intelligence #Autonomous Robots #Augmented Reality #Big Data Analytics and Business Intelligence #Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) #Digital Clone or Simulation #Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) #Manufacturing IoT #Plant Cyber Security #Smart Solutions – Wearable Sensors and Smart Glasses #System Integration #Small Batch Manufacturing #Visual Analytics #Virtual Reality #3D Printing # Internet of Things (IoT) #Internet of Things (IoT) & IoE & Edge Computing #Distributed Mobile Applications Utilizing IoT #Security, Privacy and Trust in IoT & IoE #Standards for IoT Applications #Ubiquitous Computing #Block Chain-enabled IoT Device and Data Security and Privacy #Application of WSN in IoT #Cloud Resources Utilization in IoT #Wireless Access Technologies for IoT #Mobile Applications and Services for IoT #Machine/ Deep Learning with IoT & IoE #Smart Sensors and Internet of Things for Smart City #Logic, Functional programming and Microcontrollers for IoT #Sensor Networks, Actuators for Internet of Things #Data Visualization using IoT #IoT Application and Communication Protocol #Big Data Analytics for Social Networking using IoT #IoT Applications for Smart Cities #Emulation and Simulation Methodologies for IoT #IoT Applied for Digital Contents #Microwaves and Photonics #Microwave filter #Micro Strip antenna #Microwave Link design #Microwave oscillator #Frequency selective surface #Microwave Antenna #Microwave Photonics #Radio over Fibre #Optical Communication, #Optical Oscillator #Optical Link Design #Optical Phase Lock Loop #Optical Devices #Computation Intelligence and Analytics #Soft Computing #Advance Ubiquitous Computing #Parallel Computing #Distributed Computing #Machine Learning #Information Retrieval #Expert Systems #Data Mining #Text Mining #Data Warehousing #Predictive Analysis #Data Management #Big Data Analytics #Big Data Security #Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transmission #Energy Harvesting and Transfer for Wireless Sensor Networks #Economics of Energy Harvesting Communications #Waveform Optimization for Wireless Power Transfer #RF Energy Harvesting #Wireless Power Transmission #Microstrip Antenna Design and Application #Wearable Textile Antenna #Luminescence #Rectenna #Advance Concept of Networking and Database #Computer Network #Mobile Adhoc Network #Image Security #Application Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Field of Network and Database #Data Analytic #High Performance Computing #Pattern Recognition #Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Mining (KM) #Regression and Prediction #Problem Solving and Planning #Clustering #Classification #Neural Information Processing #Vision and Speech Perception #Heterogeneous and Streaming Data #Natural Language Processing #Probabilistic Models and Methods #Reasoning and inference #Marketing and Social Sciences #Data Mining #Knowledge Discovery #Web Mining #Information Retrieval #Design and Diagnosis #Game Playing #Streaming Data #Music Modelling and Analysis #Robotics and Control #Multi-Agent Systems #Bioinformatics #Social Sciences #Industrial Financial and Scientific Applications of All Kind #Advanced Computer Networking Computational Intelligence #Data Management, Exploration, and Mining #Robotics #Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning #Computer Architecture and VLSI #Computer Graphics, Simulation, and Modelling #Digital System and Logic Design #Natural Language Processing and Machine Translation #Parallel and Distributed Algorithms #Pattern Recognition and Analysis #Systems and Software Engineering #Nature Inspired Computing #Signal and Image Processing #Reconfigurable Computing #Cloud, Cluster, Grid and P2P Computing #Biomedical Computing #Advanced Bioinformatics #Green Computing #Mobile Computing #Nano Ubiquitous Computing #Context Awareness and Personalization, Autonomic and Trusted Computing #Cryptography and Applied Mathematics #Security, Trust and Privacy #Digital Rights Management #Networked-Driven Multicourse Chips #Internet Computing #Agricultural Informatics and Communication #Community Information Systems #Computational Economics, Digital Photogrammetric #Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS #Disaster Management #e-governance, e-Commerce, e-business, e-Learning #Forest Genomics and Informatics #Healthcare Informatics #Information Ecology and Knowledge Management #Irrigation Informatics #Neuro-Informatics #Open Source: Challenges and opportunities #Web-Based Learning: Innovation and Challenges #Soft computing Signal and Speech Processing #Natural Language Processing #Communications #Microstrip Antenna #Microwave #Radar and Satellite #Smart Antenna #MIMO Antenna #Wireless Communication #RFID Network and Applications #5G Communication #6G Communication #Algorithms and Complexity #Sequential, Parallel and Distributed Algorithms and Data Structures #Approximation and Randomized Algorithms #Graph Algorithms and Graph Drawing #On-Line and Streaming Algorithms #Analysis of Algorithms and Computational Complexity #Algorithm Engineering #Web Algorithms #Exact and Parameterized Computation #Algorithmic Game Theory #Computational Biology #Foundations of Communication Networks #Computational Geometry #Discrete Optimization #Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering #Software Engineering Methodologies #Agent-Based Software Engineering #Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Software Engineering #Component-Based Software Engineering #Embedded and Ubiquitous Software Engineering #Aspect-Based Software Engineering #Empirical Software Engineering #Search-Based Software Engineering #Automated Software Design and Synthesis #Computer-Supported Cooperative Work #Automated Software Specification #Reverse Engineering #Software Engineering Techniques and Production Perspectives #Requirements Engineering #Software Analysis, Design and Modelling #Software Maintenance and Evolution #Software Engineering Tools and Environments #Software Engineering Decision Support #Software Design Patterns #Software Product Lines #Process and Workflow Management #Reflection and Metadata Approaches #Program Understanding and System Maintenance #Software Domain Modelling and Analysis #Software Economics #Multimedia and Hypermedia Software Engineering #Software Engineering Case Study and Experience Reports #Enterprise Software, Middleware, and Tools #Artificial Intelligent Methods, Models, Techniques #Artificial Life and Societies #Swarm Intelligence #Smart Spaces #Autonomic Computing and Agent-Based Systems #Autonomic Computing #Adaptive Systems #Agent Architectures, Ontologies, Languages and Protocols #Multi-Agent Systems #Agent-Based Learning and Knowledge Discovery #Interface Agents #Agent-Based Auctions and Marketplaces #Secure Mobile and Multi-Agent Systems #Mobile Agents #SOA and Service-Oriented Systems #Service-Centric Software Engineering #Service Oriented Requirements Engineering #Service Oriented Architectures #Middleware for Service Based Systems #Service Discovery and Composition #Service Level Agreements (Drafting, Negotiation, Monitoring and Management) #Runtime Service Management #Semantic Web #Data Modelling, Mining and Data Analytics #Aggregation, Integration, and Transformation #Web and Text Mining #Data Mining Methods, Techniques, and Tools #Data Analytics Modelling and Algorithms #Patterns and Frameworks #Data Visualization #Knowledge Systems and Engineering #Knowledge Acquisition #Knowledge-Based and Expert Systems #Knowledge Representation and Retrievals #Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques #Time and Knowledge Management Tools #Knowledge Modelling, Integration, Transformation, and Management, #Uncertainty Knowledge Management #Knowledge Visualization #Mobile Computing and Mobile System Engineering #Mobile App Design and Development #Innovative Mobile Applications #Pervasive Computing #Mobile System Validation and Test Automation #Software & System Quality of Service #Soft Computing #Software and System Testing Methods #Quality Assurance Process, Standards, and Systems #Software Safety Systems #Software Test Automation and Tools #Software Dependability, Reliability, Scalability #Software & System Security #Software and System Security and Privacy #Mobile App Security and Privacy #Encryption Methods and Tools #Security Service Systems #Cloud, Sensor Cloud and Mobile Cloud Security #Mobile System Integrity, Security and Fault Tolerance #Emergent Topics #Cloud Computing and Innovative Cloud-Based Application Systems #Mobile Cloud Computing and Application Services #Big Data Analytics Application Systems #Innovative Sensing Cloud and Systems #Large-Scale Cyber Systems #IoT and Smart City Application Systems #Big Data Quality Validation #Big Data Application Quality Services #Smart Learning and Innovative Education Systems #Learning Software Design Engineering #Smart Learning Methods and Environments #Online Learning Systems #Mobile Enabled Learning Systems and Tools #Computer Networks and Inventive Communication Technologies #Addressing & Location Management #Broadband Access Technologies #Adhoc and Sensor Networks #Cross Layer Design and Optimization #Heterogeneous Wireless Networks #High Speed Networks #Internet and Web Applications #Measurement & Performance Analysis #Mobile & Broadband Wireless Internet #Mobile Networks & Wireless LAN #Network Architectures #Network Based Applications #Network Protocols & Wireless Networks #Network Operations & Management #Network Security Trust, & Privacy #Next Generation Internet & Web Architectures #Peer to Peer and Overlay Networks #QOS And Resource Management #Recent Trends & Developments in Computer Networks #Routing, Switching and Addressing Techniques #Self-Organizing Networks and Networked Systems #Ubiquitous Networks #Virtual & Overlay Networks #Wireless Communications #Wireless Mesh Networks and Protocols #Wireless Multimedia Systems #Personal and Wearable Networks #Wireless ad hoc & Sensor Networks #Information-Centric Networking #Embedded Networks #Opportunistic Networking #Delay-Tolerant Networks #Cognitive Radio Networks #Vehicular Networks #Smart Grid Communications #Underwater Sensor Networks #Cyber-Physical Systems #Social Networks #Mobile and Ubiquitous Networking #Green Networking #Overlay and Peer-to-Peer Networks #Local-Area and Metropolitan-Area Networks #Storage-Area Networks #Routing and Transport Protocols #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Internet of Things #Link Technologies #Adaptive Networking Applications #Authentication, Authorization, Accounting #Security and Privacy #Cross-Layer Optimization #Mobility and Location-Dependent Services #Multimedia and Real-Time Communication #Machine-to-Machine Communications for Smart Environments #Smart Cities #Network Traffic Characterization and Measurements #Network Management, Reliability and QoS #Performance Evaluation of Networks #Testbeds for Network Experiments #Network Coding #Optical and High-Speed Access Networks #Resent Engineering and Nano Technology #Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models #Bio-Science and Bio-Technology #Collaborative Applications #Communication Architectures for Pervasive Computing #Computer Vision #Computer Science and Its Applications #Computational Techniques in Civil Engineering #Control and Automation #Concrete Engineering #CAD/CAM/CIM #CAE #Database Theory and Application #Data Base Management System #Data Mining #Decision Making #Digital Signal Processing Theory #Distributed Sensor Networks #Distributed Computing #Mechanical Design #Evolutionary Computing and Intelligent Systems #Expert Approaches #Environmental Engineering #Fuzzy logics #Foundation Engineering #FEA #GPS and Location-Based Applications #Grid Networking/ Computing #GEOTECH Engineering #Highways #Human Computer Interaction (HCI) #Image Analysis and Processing #Information and Data Security #Internet Technologies, Infrastructure, Services & Applications #Nano Technology #Mobile Computing and Applications #Multimedia Communications #Network Modelling and Simulation #Network Performance, Protocols, Sensors #Networking Theory and Technologies #Open Models and Architectures #Pattern Recognition #Perception and Semantic Interpretation #Production #Real-Time Information Systems #Remote Sensing #Security Technology and Information Assurance #Soft Computing #Software Engineering & Its Applications #Signal Control System & Processing #Speech Interface, Speech processing #Structural Engineering #Thermal Engineering #Ubiquitous Multimedia Computing #Vision-Based Applications #VLSI Algorithms #Web Technologies #Textile Engineering #Recent on Mechanical Engineering and Technology #Fluid Mechanics #Applied Mathematics and Mechanics #Biomechanics #Heat Transfer #Solid Mechanics #Refrigeration and Air Conditioning #Renewable Energy Technology 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Comprehensive Analysis of Cybersecurity Awareness Among Students’ Universities
Khader Musbah Esmail Titi

Khader Musbah Ismail Titi, Associate Professor, Department of Cybersecurity, Irbid National University College of Science and Information Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Cybersecurity awareness has become a crucial issue in the digital age, especially with the increasing cyber threats targeting individuals and institutions alike. This study aims to assess the level of cybersecurity awareness among Jordanian university students by analysing factors that influence it, such as gender, academic major, and geographic location. A survey was conducted among 150 students from various departments, and the data were analysed using SPSS and MS Excel to extract statistical results. The findings revealed that students in computer and information technology disciplines had higher awareness levels than those in other disciplines, and students in urban areas exhibited higher awareness than those in rural areas. The study recommends increasing awareness programs and integrating cybersecurity into the curricula of all disciplines.

Keywords: Cybersecurity Awareness, Security Practices Assessment, Behavioral in Cybersecurity, Proper Security tools Usage, Cybersecurity Best Practices.
Scope of the Article: Data Analytics

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E461014050625

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 12:14:13 +0000

Electric Field Computation of Stranded Over-Head Transmission Line Conductors Under the Application of Lightning Over Voltages
Vidya M. S.

Vidya M. S., Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, (Affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University), Trivandrum (Kerala), India.

Abstract: Efficient design of insulation systems always relies upon accuracy in the assessment of the electric field of the electrode geometry. In overhead transmission lines, stranded conductors are often used to reduce the inductance and increase the mechanical strength. Transmission lines are subjected to power frequency and lightning flashovers, which necessitate a careful analysis of electric and critical fields before erection. The dependence of maximum electric field intensity on power frequency and lightning impulse for stranded conductors of different strands using Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) has been analysed in this work. It involves the field computation ofstranded conductors which have different numbers of strands. Conductors of 1,7,19 and 37 strands have been analyzed. Field computation is achieved by the Finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics.

Keywords: Overhead Transmission Line, Stranded Conductors, Field Computations, Finite Element Method.
Scope of the Article: Electrical and Electronics

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D106814040325

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 12:08:47 +0000

Smishing Detection: Combating SMS Phishing Attacks by Utilizing Machine-Learning Algorithms
Aqsa Shaikh¹, Mariya Shaikh², Srivaramangai R.³

¹Aqsa Shaikh, Student, Department of Information Technology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai (Maharashtra), India.

²Mariya Shaikh, Student, Department of Information Technology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai (Maharashtra), India.

³Srivaramangai R., Head of the Department of Information Technology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai (Maharashtra), India.

Abstract: With the rapid uptake of mobile communications, cybercriminals have increasingly resorted to using SMS (Short Message Services) in the guise of phishing attacks commonly referred to as smishing (SMS phishing). Phishing SMS messages impersonate trusted organizations to persuade users into clicking malicious links, providing personal credentials, or installing malware. This paper reviews the latest advancements in machine learning for smishing detection, drawing on insights from various studies on the subject. It examines critical machine learning models, including Deep Learning models (CNN, LSTM), Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Gradient Boosting, to classify messages as spam, phishing, or legitimate. It examines feature extraction techniques such as TFIDF, N-grams, and natural language processing (NLP) in the hope of improving detection accuracy. In this way, it also examines how cyber threat intelligence and real-world datasets, such as SpamAssassin, the UCI Machine Learning Repository, and PhishTank, can be utilised to develop robust models. The results show that ensemble learning and hybrid deep learning techniques are more effective at identifying objects than traditional methods, and they achieve this without increasing the number of false positives. Challenges such as adversarial SMS attacks, multilingual phishing messages, and limitations in real-time detection remain plausible. Future work needs to explore adaptability to real-time models, CTI-based threat analysis, and transparent AI (XAI) detection. Applying machine learning-driven smishing detection enhances the overall solution’s intelligent, automated approach and adaptive defence mechanisms against evolving mobile phone phishing threats, resulting in increased security for mobile devices and, consequently, their users.

Keywords: Cyber Threat Intelligence, Machine Learning, Smishing Detection, SMS Spam Classification, Convolutional Neural Network, Long Short Term Memory, Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency, Optimal Feature Extraction Algorithm, Independent Recurrent Neural Network, Capsule Network, Random Fores.
Scope of the Article: Information and Data Security

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D106614040325

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 12:03:00 +0000

The Optimal Deploy Method of Multi Redundancy FPGA Gateway Design
Changjian Deng¹, Yaozhong Zhang²

¹Changjian Deng, Associate Professor, School of Automation, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China.

²Yaozhong Zhang, Student, School of Automation, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China.

Abstract: Prevention of geological disasters is essential in highaltitude or semi-high mountain plateaus and hilly areas. To monitor disasters, the manuscript presents a design method for a distributed redundancy FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) gateway. This gateway can test a series of parameters to estimate the likelihood of geological disasters. However, detecting geological disasters is a complex task, as the test fields are located at different monitoring sites, and each site has unique environmental conditions. Meanwhile, the same type of monitoring parameters should be monitored in more than two places, and the location may change, resulting in the problem of distributed redundant monitoring. There are three types of monitoring actors: active detection, auxiliary detection, and redundancy. And these actors can transform one into another. To achieve a balance between communication resources and the effective detection of geological disasters, the design of a distributed redundancy gateway should be dynamically deployed based on changes in environmental and detection conditions. The article employs a redundant gateway design utilising multiple FPGAs in hardware and implements a distributed, redundant decision-making method in software. It uses a wireless redundancy decision-making optimization method, and gives a design example for ‘the atomic cloud’ application of infrasound monitoring.

Keywords: Redundancy; Optimization; Distributed Gateway; Geological Disasters.
Scope of the Article: Information Technology

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D106514040325

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 11:49:21 +0000

Optimization of Gearbox Ratio and Transient Behavior in Induction Motor-Driven Systems for Enhanced Performance
Noureddine Ferchichi¹, Houssem Ben Aribia², Slim Abid³

¹ Noureddine Ferchichi, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

²Houssem Ben Aribia, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

³Slim Abid, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: This paper examines the transient behaviour of an induction motor–gearbox–load system during startup and braking, focusing on the influence of key dynamic parameters, including inertia, torque, and gearbox ratio. A comprehensive mathematical formulation is developed to analyse the transient time, leading to the derivation of an optimal gearbox ratio that minimises acceleration and deceleration durations. Both analytical and graphical evaluations reveal that deviations from this optimal ratio significantly extend transient times, resulting in increased energy losses. The findings demonstrate that high-speed induction motors deliver superior transient performance while maintaining compact size and reduced weight. Moreover, the study indicates that optimisation calculations can be simplified without compromising accuracy, thereby improving computational efficiency. These insights contribute to the optimization of electromechanical drive systems, enhancing their dynamic response in real-world applications.

Keywords: Transient Response, Optimization, Acceleration Time, Braking Time, Dynamic Performance, Energy Efficiency.
Scope of the Article: Electrical and Electronics

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Volume-14 Issue-5, April 2025 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

E461314050625

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