Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

B1028073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 08:53:07 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. 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Training of Artificial Neural Networksin Data Mining
K. Raja Sekhar¹, V. Srinivasa Kalyan², B. Phanindra Kumar³
¹K.Raja Sekhar, Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, KL University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India.
²V.Srinivasa Kalyan, Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, KL University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India.
³B.Phanindra Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, KL University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 214-217 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B1028073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Companies have been collecting data for decades, building massive data warehouses in which to store it. Even though this data is available, very few companies have been able to realize the actual value stored in it. The question these companies are asking is how to extract this value. The answer is Data mining. There are many technologies available to data mining practitioners, including Artificial Neural Networks, Regression, and Decision Trees. Many practitioners are wary of Neural Networks due to their black box nature, even though they have proven themselves in many situations. This paper is an overview of artificial neural networks and questions their position as a preferred tool by data mining practitioners.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Neural Network Topology, Data Mining, Back Propagation Algorithm, Advantages.
Scope of the Article: Data Mining

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B0971073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 08:44:44 +0000

Run off River Plant: Status and Prospects
Hemant Sharma¹, Jasvir Singh²
¹Hemant Sharma, Department of Electrical and Electronics, H.C.T.M Technical Campus Kaithal (Haryana), India.
²Jasvir Singh, Department of Electrical and Electronics, B.G.I.E.T Sangrur (Punjab), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 210-213 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0971073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Most of the small hydro power plants are based on Run of River scheme, implying that they do not have any water storage capability. The power is generated only when enough water is available from the river. When the stream flow reduces below the design flow value, the generation will reduce as the water does not flow through the intake structure into the turbine. Small hydro plants may be stand alone system in isolated areas but could also be grid connected. The connection to the grid has the advantage of the easier control of the electrical system frequency of the electricity. In this research paper i discussed about the run off river plant, comparison of runoff river plant and small hydro power plants. And what type of turbine is suitable for small hydro power plant and run off river plant.
Keywords: Hydropower, Runoff River Power Plant, Water Power
Scope of the Article: Low-power design

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B0972073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 07:47:05 +0000

ICTs and Supply Chain: The Competitiveness of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs)
Gabriel Nyame¹, Francis Ohene Boateng², Nana Kwame Gyamfi³, Nana Yaw Asabere⁴
¹Gabriel Nyame, Department of ICT, Apostolic University College, Kumasi Ghana.
²Francis Ohene Boateng, Department of Information Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba Ghana.
³Nana Kwame Gyamfi, Department of Computer Science, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi Ghana.
⁴Nana Yaw Asabere, Department of Computer Science, Accra Polytechnic, Accra Ghana.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 203-209 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B0972073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Adum Central Business District (CBD) of Kumasi, Ghana continues to grow at an increasing rate, but still they do not conform to the right standards and appropriate parameters. No matter what business activities they embark on some Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be effectively used to enhance their operations. This paper finds out the adequacy of dissemination of ICTs and its level of deployment in the operations of SMEs of trade businesses in the Adum CBD and establishes the level of awareness of computers and their related technologies among owner-managers. In order to do an in-depth assessment of the situation, the CBD was put into zones A, B, and C and enterprises were selected at random. Interview procedures and administered questionnaires were used to obtain data for analysis. In effect, the study established that though the level of awareness is high, only 23% of these SMEs use computers whilst 49% use mobile phones to support their businesses. Also, 54% of these enterprises do not have access to the Internet. Thus, the exploitation and deployment of ICTs remain a greater challenge to these enterprises. It is recommended that the Ministry of Trade and Industry and other stakeholders organize programmes to enlighten owner-managers on the prospects of using ICTs to gain competitive advantage. In addition, the ICT industry must be revamped and freed from bottlenecks surrounding access to hardware and software.
Keywords: Awareness, Competitiveness, Digital Enterprise ICTs, Owner-Managers, SMEs, Supply Chain.
Scope of the Article: Small Batch Manufacturing

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B1046073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 07:42:47 +0000

Geoelectrical Schlumberger Investigation for Characterizing the Hydrogeological Conditions Using GIS in Kadavanar Sub-basin, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India
S .Venkateswaran¹, P. Jayapal²
¹S.Venkateswaran, Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem (Tamil Nadu), India.
²P.Jayapal, Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 196-202 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B1046073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The increasing demand for fresh water has necessitated the exploration for new sources of groundwater, particularly in hard rock terrain, where groundwater is a vital source of fresh water. A fast, cost effective and economical way of exploration is to study and analyze geophysical resistivity survey data. The present study area Kadavanar sub-basin, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India, is overlain by Archaean crystalline metamorphic complex. The study area is a characteristic region of unconfined aquifer system. The potential for occurrence of groundwater in the study areas was classified as very good, good, moderate and poor by interpreting the subsurface geophysical investigations, namely vertical electrical soundings, were carried out to delineate potential water bearing zones. The studies reveal that the groundwater potential of shallow aquifers is due to weathered zone very low resistivity and very high thickness and the potential of deeper aquifers is determined by fracture zone very low resistivity and very high thickness area. By using conventional GIS method, the spatial distribution maps for different layer (Top soil, weathered zone, first fracture zone and second fracture zone) thicknesses were prepared. The geoelectrical approach was successfully applied in the study area and can be therefore easily adopted for similar environments.
Keywords: Aquifer, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Spatial Distribution Map, Hard Rock Terrain.
Scope of the Article: Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS

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B1052073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 07:34:03 +0000

Resonant Boost Dc-Dc Converter for a High Frequency Operation
Tejaswini. R
Tejaswini R, M.Tech Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 192-195 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B1052073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: With different versions of inverters available, a control of VHF resonant boost dc-dc converter is described in detailed in this paper. Though, a classical Class- Φ inverter is well documented in the literature, this is a new version and coupled to resonant rectifier. The twin aspect of any design of resonant boost topology is to mainly feature low device voltage stress and to have high efficiency over wide range of loads. Increased switching frequency allows smaller size of the passive components, allowing one to use air-core magnetic, and thereby reducing core loss. The output is regulated by MPPT controller. The performance analysis was carried out on MATLAB/Simulink platform and performance characteristics are presented along with the values of components.
Keywords: Class- Φ Inverter, Resonant Rectifier, MPPT Controller, Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS).
Scope of the Article: Frequency Selective Surface

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F0835052613

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 07:26:50 +0000

Natural Energy Water Pump: Revisit the Water Sling Pump
M.I. Ramli¹, M.F. Basar², N.H.A. Razik³
¹M.I. Ramli, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Ayer Keroh, Melaka Malaysia.
²M.F. Basar, Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Ayer Keroh, Melaka Malaysia.
³N.H.A. Razik, Department of Science and Physics, MARA Junior Science College, MRSM Terendak, Sungai Udang, Melaka Malaysia.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 188-191 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: F0835052613/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Most people who live in rural areas come from the low income families. One reason for this is that the revenue generation is limited to certain domestic economic activities due to poor access to electricity. As a result, it limits the productivity of the people in these particular areas. By using this new pump where sling pump concept is adopted, it is believe that the people in rural areas could have more access to electricity and simultaneously grow the income related activities. This new pump is capable of providing water supply to the domestic agriculture areas. Sling pump is the enhancement of the coil pump where it powered by the water flow. This pump is driven by a propeller which finally resulting the entire pump to rotate the water and turns it into stream. Water and air enter the rear side of the pump and are forced to flow through a coil of plastic tubes while the pump is rotating. Water will be channeled through a hose and into stock tank or reservoir. The pump is applicable for low head and low flow river. From the experiment, this pump is capable to deliver up to 0.5m3 in a minute for stream water with flow rate 5L/s.
Keywords: Low Head, Low Flow, Natural Energy, Pico Hydro, Water Sling Pump.
Scope of the Article: RF Energy Harvesting

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B1045073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 07:14:54 +0000

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Use and Evaluate the Feasibility Zones through Geospatial Technology in Lower Bhavani Sub Basin, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Venkateswaran¹, S. Vediappan²
¹S.Venkateswaran, Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem (Tamil Nadu), India.
²S.Vediappan, Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 180-187 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B1045073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The present work is employed in Lower Bhavani sub-basin (study area 2424.19 sq.km), major portion of the study area fall in Erode District and small portion in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu and India. The 50 groundwater samples were collected from during pre monsoon (May) 2011 and were analysed for major cations and anions EC, pH and TDS. The irrigational parameters like; EC, Kelley’s ratio, SAR values, Mghazards, HCO3 and RSC have been worked out to know the suitability of the groundwater for irrigational purpose. Wilcox diagram indicates that out of 50 samples, 33 samples belong to good to permissible category and Doneen diagram revealed that 100% of the groundwater samples fall in Class I. The plotting of SAR values in USSL diagram indicates that all the samples have low SAR value. Out of 50 samples 41 samples in C3 -S1 field. This implies that no alkali hazard is anticipated to the crops. 41 Location (82%) samples occurred within C3–S1 category. This category is suitable for irrigations purposes. However, the concentration of bicarbonate was in significant amount showing 54% of sites under “increasing problem” and the 44% sites under “Severe Problem” zones. Finally above said results are taken into GIS platform. To understand the spatial distribution of unsuitable zones, ArcGIS was employed. The present work reveals that groundwater in the Lower Bhavani sub-basin area is of good quality and is suitable for all uses including interbrain water transfer in the region.
Keywords: Irrigation, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage, Doneen’s Diagram, Geographic Information System (GIS), Spatial Distribution Map, Cauvery River.
Scope of the Article: Quality Control

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B1038073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 07:07:34 +0000

Congestion Control with Explicit Feedback for Time Varying Capacity Media
Sowmya A N Gowda¹, Bhaskar Rao N²
¹Sowmya A N Gowda, Department of CSE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
²Prof. Bhaskar Rao N, Department of CSE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 175-179 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B1038073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: XCP is a serious candidate to replace TCP congestion control in the internet. TCP, despite performing end-to-end congestion remarkably well degrades network performance due to unstable throughput, limited fairness and limited fairness. In XCP the routers provides the explicit feedback about the link capacity to the source. In time varying capacity media such as IEEE 802.11 knowing this value is difficult as it depends on many variables. We explore three algorithms for time varying capacity media which maintain efficiency under such conditions. Finally we compare our proposal with TCP new Reno and how such algorithm outperforms in terms of efficiency.
Keywords: Congestion, Wireless Communication, XCP, Blind, ErrorS, MAC.
Scope of the Article: Robotics and Control

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B1050073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 07:01:34 +0000

Space Time Block Code for High Data Rate Using CD Algebra
Ranjana Kumari¹, Rajesh Mehra²
¹Ranjana Kumari, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, B.B.D.I.T, Ghaziabad (U.P), India.
²Rajesh Mehra, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers, Training & Research, (Chandigarh), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 169-174 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B1050073213/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Multiple antennas at both Transmitter and receiver end of wireless digital transmission channel may increase the data rate and reliability of the communication. Reliability and high data rate transmission over channels can be achieved by proposed Space Time block code. Determinant and Rank code design has been proposed to enhance the diversity and coding gain. Cyclic Division algebras is a new tool for constructing space time block code, this is non-commutative algebras that naturally yield fully diverse codes. The CDA based construction method usually consists of two steps. First steps are to construct a degree-n cyclic extension over a base field. Second steps are used to find a non-norm algebra integer in base field. Proposed STBC for 4X2, 4X3, 4X4, 8X1 at code rate ‘3/4’ and 16QAM modulation technique are used. This proposed STBC code is compared with Generalized silver code ,silver code ,golden code. Simulation results of symbol error rate for 4 Tx and 8 Tx shows proposed STBC code is good in error performance at offering one dimensional lower decoding complexity by using sphere decoding.
Keywords: Cyclic Algebras, Division Algebras, Full Diversity, Golden Code, Silver Code, Non-Vanishing Determinant, Sphere Decoding.
Scope of the Article: High Performance Computing

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B1049073213

IJITEE Journal — Mon, 02 Jan 2023 06:52:14 +0000

Comparative Study of the 64-bit and Apple Families of Micro Processors
Nitin Kumar Sharma¹, K.P.Yadav², B.K.Sharma³
¹Nitin Kumar Sharma, Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Singhania University, (Rajasthan), India.
²Prof. Dr. K.P. Yadav, Director, Mangalmay Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida (U.P), India.
³Dr. B.K. Sharma, Head, Research Centre, NITRA, Ghaziabad (U.P), India.
Manuscript received on 10 July 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 July 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 July 2013 | PP: 163-168 | Volume-3 Issue-2, July 2013 | Retrieval Number: B1049073213/13©BEIESP
Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: We live in an era of computers. From the smallest embedded system to the complex servers that take care of the world economy, we need microprocessors to run them. As time passed by, applications needed more processing power and this lead to an explosive era of research on the architecture of microprocessors. As part of our project we are going to present a technical & comparative study of these smart microprocessors. It will include the different software & hardware technical aspects of such devices for instance OS, applications used, hardware study etc. In this report, we study and compare two microprocessor families that have been at the core of the world’s most popular microprocessors of today – 64 bit microprocessor & Apple microprocessor.
Keywords: CPU, ALU, AMD, RISC, SIMD etc.
Scope of the Article: Microwave Antenna

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