Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

G1400123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 09:29:45 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. 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A Comparative Overview of Popular Attacks Relevant to Adhoc -Networks
Kiran Babu.T.S¹, Ragav Krishna.R²
¹Kiran Babu T.S, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
²Ragav Krishna R, BE Scholar, Department of Computer Sceience & Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 188-190 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1400123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The wireless ad hoc network become mundane, yet the core issue is the security. There are different types of attacks provided by different researcher but still faces research challenges. In Adhoc networks, nodes have limited resources like bandwidth, battery power and storage capacity. In this paper we pay attention to common attacks which occur in networks layer of OSI model such as Black hole attack ,gray hole attack, Flooding attack, Jamming ,Wormhole attack, Collosion attack traffic monitoring and analysis & DOS. We discuss about the counter measures against them.
Keywords: Attacks, Blackhole, DOS, Grayhole, Wormhole, Adhoc-Networks.
Scope of the Article: Adhoc and Sensor Networks

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G1393123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 09:19:12 +0000

Protection against Online Password Guessing Attacks by Using Graphicals Passwords
Kiran Babu T.S¹, Ragav Krishna.R²
¹Kiran Babu T.S, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
²Ragav Krishna R, B.E Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 185-187 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1393123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Usable security has unique usability challenges because the need for security often means that standard human computer-interaction approaches cannot be directly applied. A very pivotal usability goal for authentication systems is to support users in selecting secure passwords. Users often create predictable and easy to remember passwords that are easy for attackers to hack or guess, but system-assigned passwords which are inherently strong are difficult for users to remember. We are proposing alternative methods wherein graphical pictures are used as security agents (passwords). Graphical passwords fundamentally use images or representation of images as passwords. Pictures are more lucid and easy to remember for the human brain than textual character. There for, this paper merges persuasive cued click points and password guessing resistant protocol. The pith and main intent of this work is to reduce the guessing attacks as well as encouraging users to select passwords that are random and thus logically become more difficult to guess. The rudimentary security threats including brute force attacks and dictionary attacks can be successfully abolished using this method.
Keywords: Authentication, Graphical Passwords, Guessing Attacks, Computer Security.
Scope of the Article: Advanced Computer Networking

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G1413123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 09:07:32 +0000

Design and Analysis of Clutch Using Sintered Iron as a Friction Material
Mamta G. Pawar¹, Monarch K. Warambhe², Gautam R. Jodh³
¹Ms. Mamta G Pawar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research, Nagpur (Maharashtra), India.
²Mr. Monarch K Warambhe, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Research, Nagpur (Maharashtra), India.
³Mr. Gautam R Jodh, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research, Nagpur (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 177-184 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1413123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Clutch system is among the main systems inside a vehicle. Clutch is a mechanical device located between a vehicle engine and its transmission and provides mechanical coupling between the engine and transmission input shaft. Clutch system comprise of flywheel, clutch disc plate and friction material, pressure plate, clutch cover, diaphragm spring and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch. The clutch engages the transmission gradually by allowing a certain amount of slippage between the flywheel and the transmission input shaft. However, the slipping mechanism of the clutch generates heat energy due to friction between the clutch disc and the flywheel. At high sliding velocity, excessive frictional heat is generated which lead to high temperature rise at the clutch disc surface, and this causes thermo-mechanical problems such as thermal deformations and thermo-elastic instability which can lead to thermal cracking, wear and other mode of failure of the clutch disc component. In this project, the modeling of clutch is done in detailed using modeling software. After that the FEM analysis is done for sintered iron friction material. The stresses & deformation obtained for this friction material is then compared to analysis software result. The analysis is done for worn out friction disc.
Keywords: Coefficient of Friction, Von-Misses Stress, Young’s Modulus And Poisons Ratio.
Scope of the Article: Materials Engineering

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E0855112513

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 08:59:31 +0000

Inter-turn Fault Analysis of Synchronous Generator using Finite Element Method (FEM)
B. Jagadeesh Chandra Prasad¹, B. V. Sanker Ram²
¹B. J. C. Prasad, Research Scolar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUH, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
²Dr. B.V. Sanker Ram, Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, JNTUH, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 170-176 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: E0855112513/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A turn fault in the stator winding of a generator causes a large circulating current to flow in the shorted turns. If left undetected, turn faults can propagate, leading to phase-ground or phase-phase faults. Incipient detection of turn’s faults is essential to avoid hazardous operating conditions and reduce down time. At present the synchronous generators are protected against almost all kind of faults using differential methods of protection. All kind of faults develops into inter winding fault by damaging inter winding insulation. So it is necessary to protect the synchronous generator from inter winding faults which represents the protection against all kind of faults. There are different method based techniques for analyzing generator incipient/inter turn faults on stator side. They are circuit based, field based, wavelet based, artificial intelligence based, fuzzy based, artificial neural networks based. Machine performance characteristics that could be monitored to diagnose the stator inter-turn fault in generator include line current, terminal voltage, torque pulsations, temperature rise due to excessive losses, shaft vibrations, air-gap flux and speed ripples. So in this we are developing a mathematical model or method based on online/offline condition monitoring system by analyzing various conditions and collecting various samples of voltage and current (i.e. normal and abnormal) for protection of generators against faults (i.e. means incipient/inter turn faults) on stator side. The main Objective is to develop a mathematical model or method based on online/offline condition monitoring system by analyzing various conditions (i.e. normal and abnormal) for protection of generators against faults (i.e. means incipient/inter turn faults) on stator side.
Keywords: Synchronous Generator, Windings, Internal Winding Faults, Fault Detection, Fault Diagnosis, Incipient Faults, ANSYS.
Scope of the Article: Data Mining Methods, Techniques, and Tools

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G1395123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 08:52:37 +0000

The Performance Improvement of Long Range Inter-relay Wireless Cooperative Network using Three Time Slot TDMA based Protocol
Imranullah Khan¹, Tan Chon Eng²
¹Imran Ullah Khan, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak UNIMAS Malaysia.
²Tan Chog, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak UNIMAS Malaysia.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 165-169 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1395123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Time division multiple access (TDMA) amplify and forward based protocols for cooperative wireless networks have been investigated previously by various researchers. However, the analysis for these protocols is not considered for long range cooperative wireless networks over Rician fading channel. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to propose three time slot TDMA based transmission protocol for inter-relay cooperative wireless network with longer distances between source to relays and destination as well as between relays to destination. It is concluded that the proposed protocol shows less BER performance for long range inter-relay cooperative network over Rician fading channel as compared to two time slot long range cooperative network. Moreover, the proposed protocol shows better performance in terms of less BER values when the inter-relay distance is minimum.
Keywords: Cooperative Inter-Relay Wireless Communication, AF Protocol, TDMA, Path Loss Models, BER.
Scope of the Article: Network Protocols & Wireless Networks

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G1410123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 08:46:43 +0000

Implementation of Improved AODV Protocol Based on WiMax using Network Simulator 2
Lovenish Kumar¹, Sunita Rani²
¹Mr. Lovenish Kumar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, YCOE, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Punjab), India.
²Er. Sunita Rani, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, YCOE, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Punjab), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 161-164 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1410123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Wireless Bandwidth allocation and routing mechanisms are two main parameters that decided the quality of service (QOS) in wireless sensor network. Monitoring, surveillance and many other military and civilians needs are main area of wireless sensor networks. Security mechanism for the sensor network must be energy efficient because sensor has limited power. Energy efficiency protocol must require self configuration and autonomic functionality to operate properly. In this paper improve the AODV protocol (IAODV) by creating a Cycle on a node where the congestion probability is high i.e. at near sink node to find all those nearer nodes where buffer occupancy is high and proposed to minimize the delay, increase the throughput and increase the packet delivery Fraction (PDF) as compared to AODV protocol.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, WiMax 802.16, AODV, IAODV, PDF.
Scope of the Article: Network Protocols & Wireless Networks

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G1407123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 08:40:22 +0000

Use of AST for Translating Executable UML Models to Java Code in Eclipse and Testing Strategy for UML Models
Anand Mohanrao Magar¹, Nilesh J Uke²
¹Mr. A.M.Magar, Department of Information Technology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune (Maharashtra), India.
²Prof. Nilesh J Uke, Department of Information Technology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 157-160 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1407123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Executable UML, coupled with Model-Driven Architecture is the foundation for a new software development methodology in which domain (business) experts would be involved in the crafting of high-level models and technologists would be concerned with translating the models to 3rd or 4th generation code. Editors like Eclipse provides modeling framework and code generation facility for building tools and other applications based on a structured data model. Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) is a framework to create meta-models with code-generation capabilities. Eclipse Modeling Framework is not an Model Driven Architecture framework but is the building block on top of which other tools may build. The Graphical Editing Framework (GEF) provides technology to create rich graphical editors and views for the Eclipse Workbench UI bundled with draw2d. Our work specifies translatable approach for executing UML models in Eclipse editor. The Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) maps plain Java source code in a tree form. This tree is more convenient and reliable to analyze and modify programmatically than text-based source. Eclipse plug-in Editor have Java Perspective and UML perspective merged together. Our plug-in contains UML editor which makes use of EMF and GEF based implementation. Class diagram which can be easily translated to Java code. These models are further modified to have action semantics and by modifying AST final Java source code which is directly executable in Eclipse Editor is generated. For testing xUML models, best strategy is to use model based testing.
Keywords: Abstract Syntax Tree, xUML, Model Based Testing.
Scope of the Article: Artificial Intelligent Methods, Models, Techniques

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G1402123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 07:44:54 +0000

Wireless Stand-Alone Real Time Remote Patient Health Monitoring System
Rubina A Shaikh¹, Sajid Shaikh²
¹Rubina A Shaikh, Assistant Professor, Department of ETRX, PIIT, Panvel (Maharashtra), India.
²Sajid Shaikh, Assistant Professor, Department of ETRX, PHCET, Rasayani (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 154-156 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1402123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Statistics reveal that every minute a human is losing his/her life across the globe. More close in India, everyday many lives are affected by heart attacks and more importantly because the patients did not get timely and proper help . Care of critically ill patient, requires spontaneous& accurate decisions so that life-protecting & lifesaving therapy can be properly applied. This paper is based on monitoring of remote patients, after he is discharged from hospital. I have designed and developed a reliable, energy efficient remote patient monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patient’s parameters (temp, heartbeat, ECG) in real time. Here the parameters of patient are measured continuously (temp, heartbeat, ECG) and wirelessly transmitted using ZigBee.
Keywords: Sensors, ARM7 Microprocessor, GSM Modem, ZigBee.
Scope of the Article: Remote Sensing

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G1396123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 07:36:28 +0000

Leakage Reduction and Stability Improvement Techniques of 10T Sram Cell: a Survey
A. Veera Lakshmi¹, S. Priya²
">¹A.VeeraLakshmi, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarampakkam, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
²S.Priya, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Lord Iyappa Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uthukadu, Kancheepuram (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 148-153 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1396123713/13©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Reduction of leakage power is very important for low power applications. Because these high leakage currents are the major contributor of total power consumption of the circuit. This paper explains about various leakage reduction techniques as well as stability improvement techniques of the different SRAM cells. Some of the leakage reduction techniques discussed in this paper are dynamic VDD, multiple Vth, SVL (Self- Controllable Voltage Level) and AVL( Adaptive Voltage Level). The stability improvement techniques are word-line adjustment, dual voltage supply, NBL (Negative Bit line) and bit interleaving technique. These techniques are applied on different SRAM cells (6T, 7T, 8T and 10T) and the results are compared. For simulation, MICROWIND 3.1 tool is used.
Keywords: Leakage Reduction, Write Ability, SRAM, Leakage Power.
Scope of the Article: Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques

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G1412123713

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 28 Dec 2022 07:25:52 +0000

An Improved Data Transfer Technique using Steganography with Water marking and Visual Cryptography
Sakshi Batra¹, Harpinder Kang Khattra²
¹Sakshi Batra, M.Tech Student, Department of ECE, PTU, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali (Punjab), India.
²Harpinder Kang, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, PTU, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali (Punjab), India.
Manuscript received on 8 December 2013 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 December 2013 | Manuscript Published on 30 December 2013 | PP: 144-147 | Volume-3 Issue-7, December 2013 | Retrieval Number: G1412123713/13©BEIESP
Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message. It is a form of security through obscurity. The word Steganography in the modern day usually refers to information or a file that has been concealed inside a digital Picture, Video or Audio file. Essentially, the information-hiding process in a steganographic system starts by identifying a cover medium’s redundant bits. The embedding process creates a stego medium by replacing these redundant bits with data from the hidden message. In this paper a new type of cryptographic scheme is proposed, which can decode concealed images without any cryptographic computations. The scheme is perfectly secure and very easy to implement. Further watermarking is also applied on the data so as to provide much security. Digital watermarking is the process of inserting a digital signal or pattern (indicative of the owner of the content) into digital content. The signal, known as a watermark, can be used later to identify the owner of the work, to authenticate the content, and to trace illegal copies of the work.
Keywords: Cryptography, Steganography, Water marking, security.
Scope of the Article: Data Visualization

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