Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

E1822104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 07:31:20 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. 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Strength Characteristics of Normal Weight Aggregate Concrete with Diatomite Powder as an Admixture
V. Giridhar Kumar¹, V. Pradeep²
¹V.Giridhar Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College, Kurnool (A.P), India.
²V.Pradeep, PG Student, Department of Structural Engineering, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College, Kurnool (A.P), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 80-83 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1822104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Diatomite is a naturally available mineral resource material which contains large amounts of amorphous silica and cristabolite. It is available at a low cost in many areas. It provides a viable alternative admixture to cement in concrete. Investigations on concrete with diatomite as partial replacement of cement are presented in this paper. Results show that 28 – day compressive strength of mix with diatomite is 43.5 MPa at 10 percent partial replacement of cement. The mix shows similar trends for the development of split tensile strength as well as flexural strength. The investigations show that diatomite has a good potential as fine aggregate in concrete construction. It not only reduces the cost of construction but also helps to consume natural mineral resource material for few concrete applications .It is also used as a prime filter material for water treatment processes.
Keywords: Diatomite, Pozzolanas, Natural Mineral Material, Cement Replacement, Mechanical Properties of Concrete.
Scope of the Article: Concrete Structures

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E1820104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 07:22:36 +0000

Peak Ground Acceleration on Bedrock (PGA) and Uniform Seismic Hazard Spectra (UHS) for Different Regions of Kashan, Iran
Mohammad Javad Ghasemi Dastjerdi¹, Seyed Ali Razavian Amrei², Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri³
¹Mohammad Javad Ghasemi Dastjerdi, Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Iran.
²Seyed Ali Razavian Amrei, Department of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
³Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri, Department of Civil Engineering, Center of Excellence Fundamental Studies Structural Engineering, Iran, University of Science & Technology, Tehran Iran.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 74-79 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1820104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The present paper was done under the title of peak ground acceleration (PGA) on bedrock and uniform seismic hazard spectra (UHS) for different regions of Kashan city in two hazard levels. A set of seismic sources, historical and instrumental seismicity data of International Institute of Earthquake authoritative books and websites has been collected, which covers the period of the forth century BC until now. Kijko[2000] method has been applied for estimating the seismic parameters considering lack of suitable seismic data, inaccuracy of the available information and uncertainty of magnitude in different periods. The calculations were performed by using the logic tree method. Five weighted attenuation relations were used ;including Ghodrati et al (2007), 0.3, Akkar & Bommer (2010),0.2, Ambraseys et al (1996),0.2, Campbell-Bozorgnia (2000),0.15 and Campbell-Bozorgnia (2009) ,0.15. Meanwhile in order to determine the seismic spectra based on weighted attenuation spectral relations, and also for the reason of being spectral and more suitable with the conditions of the zone, Ambraseys et al (1996), 0.3, Ghodrati Amiri et al (2010), 0.3, Campbell (1997), 0.2 and Berge-Thierry et al (2003),0.2 were used. The SEISRISK III (1987) software was used to calculate the earthquake hazard. The results of this analysis were submitted including the spectra and maps for 10% and 2% PE in 50 years.
Keywords: Seismic Hazard Analysis, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Uniform Seismic Hazard Spectra (UHS), Uniform Spectra, Attenuation Relationships and Kashan.
Scope of the Article: Behaviour of Structures under Seismic Loads

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E1817104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 07:12:20 +0000

Peak Ground Acceleration on Bedrock and Uniform Seismic Hazard Spectra for Different Regions of Golpayegan, Iran
Amirhossein Soltani Afarani¹, Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri², Seyed Ali Razavian Amrei³
¹Amirhossein Soltani Afarani, Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Iran.
²Prof. Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri, Department of Civil Engineering, Center of Excellence Fundamental Studies Structural Engineering, Iran, University of Science & Technology, Tehran Iran.
³Dr. Seyed Ali Razavian Amrei, Department of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran Iran.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 68-73 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1817104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The present paper was done under the title of peak ground acceleration(PGA) on bedrock and uniform seismic hazard spectra(UHS) for different regions of Golpayegan city. A set of seismic sources, historical and instrumental seismicity data within the radius of 200 kilometers from the city center since the year 1316 until now has been collected and used. Kijko[2000] method has been applied for estimating the seismic parameters considering lack of suitable seismic data, inaccuracy of the available information and uncertainty of magnitude in different periods. The calculations were performed by using the logic tree method, Five weighted attenuation relationships were used; including Ghodrati et al (2007), 0.3; Ambraseys et al (1996), 0.2 ; Campbell-Bozorgnia (2000), 0.15 ; Campbell-Bozorgnia (2009), 0.15 and Akkar & Bommer(2010), 0.2. Furthermore in order to determine the seismic spectra based on weighted attenuation spectral relationships, and also for the reason of being spectral and more suitable with the conditions of the zone, Ambraseys et al (1996), 0.3 ; Ghodrati et al (2010), 0.3 ; Campbell (1997), 0.2 & Berge-Thierry (2003), 0.2 were used. The SEISRISKIII (1987) software was used to calculate the earthquake hazard. The results of this analysis were submitted including the spectra and maps for 10% and 2% probability of event in 50 years.
Keywords: Seismic Hazard Analysis, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Uniform Seismic Hazard Spectra, Uniform Spectra, Attenuation Relations, Golpayegan and Iran.
Scope of the Article: Behaviour of Structures under Seismic Loads

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E1833104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 07:04:03 +0000

Mathematical Modeling of Solar Tunnel Greenhouse Dryer for Describing the Drying Kinetics of Copra
S. Arun¹, S. Ayyappan², V. V. Sreenarayanan³
¹S. Arun, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
²Prof. S. Ayyappan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
³Dr. V. V. Sreenarayanan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 61-67 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1833104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The most important aspect of drying technology is the mathematical modelling of the drying processes ad equipments. Since moisture ratio and dryer temperature are the deciding parameters for the modelling of a natural convection solar tunnel greenhouse dryer, a mathematical modeling analysis was carried out in the solar tunnel greenhouse drier with biomass backup heater under full load conditions during the month of January 2014. About 5000 coconuts were dried in the dryer from 53.84% initial moisture content to about 7.003% final moisture content for 44 hours and the moisture ratio of the coconuts were calculated for every one hour interval. Ten different modelling were used for determining the theoretical moisture ratio of the coconuts. From the analysis, it was found that the Page method is the best method available for determining the drying characteristics of coconuts since the ᵪ2 and RMSE values are found to be very minimum.
Keywords: Biomass Backup Heater, Coconuts, Drying, Mathematical Modelling, Moisture Content, Moisture Ratio, Solar Tunnel Greenhouse Dryer.
Scope of the Article: Heat Transfer

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E1832104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 06:53:56 +0000

Experimental Studies on Drying Characteristics of Coconuts in a Solar Tunnel Greenhouse Dryer Coupled with Biomass Backup Heater
S. Arun¹, S. Shankar Balaji², P. Selvan³
¹S.Arun, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
²S.Shankar Balaji, Department of Automobile Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
³P.Selvan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 56-60 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1832104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A natural convection solar tunnel greenhouse dryer coupled with biomass backup heater was designed and developed for studying the drying characteristics of coconuts in Pollachi region of Tamil Nadu. Three trails of loading 5000 coconuts in the dryer were carried out during the month of January, 2014. The biomass backup heater was used after 5PM where there would be no sufficient solar radiation and was loaded with the remains of coconut such as coconut fronts, coconut husk and coconut shells which could be used as a fuel for biomass heater. The drying time and the product quality were the main deciding performance parameters of the dryer which are studied in comparison with the traditional drying method (open sun drying). It was found that the coconuts which has an initial moisture content of 53.84% (w.b.) were dried to final moisture content of 7.003% (w.b.) in the solar tunnel greenhouse dryer for a time period of 44 hours whereas the open sun drying method took 148 hours for the reduction of moisture content of the coconuts to the same level. Also, the superior quality coconuts can be produced from the solar tunnel greenhouse dryer since the dryer is free from contamination, dust & dirt, damage by birds and infections by bacteria and fungus.
Keywords: Biomass Backup Heater, Coconuts, Drying Time, Moisture Content, Open Sun Drying, Product Quality, Solar Radiation, Solar Tunnel Greenhouse Dryer.
Scope of the Article: Production Engineering

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E1831104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 06:43:40 +0000

Experimental Studies on Drying Characteristics of Coconuts in a Solar Tunnel Greenhouse Dryer
S. Arun¹, K. Velmurugan², S. Shankar Balaji³
¹S.Arun, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
²K.Velmurugan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
³S.Shankar Balaji, Department of Automobile Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 51-55 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1831104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A natural convection solar tunnel greenhouse dryer was designed and fabricated for studying the drying characteristics of coconuts in Pollachi region of Tamil Nadu. Three experimental runs with 5000 coconuts were carried out in the dryer during the month of March 2014. The drying time and the product quality were the main deciding performance parameters of the dryer which are studied in comparison with the traditional drying method (open sun drying). It was found that the coconuts which has an initial moisture content of 53.84% (w.b.) were dried to final moisture content of 7.4% (w.b.) in the solar tunnel greenhouse dryer for a time period of 56 hours whereas the open sun drying method took 147 hours for the same. Also, the quality of dried coconuts in the solar tunnel greenhouse dryer was found to be free from fungal and bacterial infections which prove the possibility of production of superior quality coconuts from the dryer than that of open sun drying method.
Keywords: Coconuts, Drying Time, Moisture Content, Open Sun Drying, Quality, Solar Tunnel Greenhouse Dryer.
Scope of the Article: Quality Control

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E1829104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 06:35:15 +0000

VWF Tool based T-J Solar Cell Modeling and Analyzing the Performance
Tapas Chakrabarti¹, Subir Kumar Sarkar²
¹Prof. Tapas Chakrabarti, Department of Electronics and Communication, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
²Prof. Dr. Subir Kumar Sarkar, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 46-50 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1829104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The solar cell structure is an important factor for realization of better efficiency of a solar cell in conversion of optical source in to electrical source. Using more efficient solar cell, the production cost of solar power can be minimized. Multi-junction Tandem Solar Cells are most effective in conversion of solar energy in to electrical energy. One triple junction III-V tandem solar cell is fabricated in virtual wafer fabrication lab (VWF) in this paper. Three numbers of multi-junction solar cells are designed and fabricated with the III-V materials and stacked on each other with the sequence of descending order of band gap energy and these three cells are inter connected with two tunnel diode. The mesh structure of this fabrication is done in auto-mesh mode which creates cylinders in mesh. The efficiency of this Triple Junction (T-J) solar cell is achieved 30.671% and the Fill Factor of this cell is derived 77%.
Keywords: Triple Junction (T-J), Virtual Wafer Fabrication (VWF), Photovoltaic (PV), Current- Voltage curve (I-V curve), Fill Factor (FF), Air Mass ratio (AM), Metal organic vapor phase epitaxial (MOVPE).
Scope of the Article: High Performance Computing

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E1828104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 06:28:18 +0000

Tracing based Loss Allocation to Generators in Deregulated Power Systems
N. V. Subba Rao¹, G. Kesava Rao², S. Sivanaga Raju³
¹N. V. Subba Rao, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, LBRCE, Mylavaram, Krishna (Andhra Pradesh), India.
²Dr. G. Kesava Rao, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KL University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India.
³Dr. S. Sivanaga Raju, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of JNT University, Kakinada East Godavari (Andhra Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 38-45 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1828104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Deregulation is the major trend in the electric power industry throughout the world. The main focus in deregulated system operation is to optimize the system welfare by introducing competition, mainly, among generators. The grid operator is required to know how the power offered by the generators is reaching the load; for which the power flow is to be traced along the lines. Tracing of electricity plays very important role in the open market, as it increases the clarity in open market and promote efficient system. In this paper, tracing based loss allocation methodology is developed to allocate the transmission losses to generators alone. This method works based on the principle of power flow tracing which in turn uses proportional sharing principle. The effectiveness of the proposed loss allocation methodology is tested on standard IEEE-5 bus, IEEE-30 bus and real time Indian-24 bus systems and the loss allocation results are also compared with the existing Bialek method.
Keywords: Proportional Sharing Principle, Power Flow Tracing, Loss Allocation, Bialek Method, Tracing based Coefficients.
Scope of the Article: Low-power design

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E1830104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 06:20:17 +0000

Indian Currency Recognizer and Counter System
Vipin Venugopal¹, Deborah Thomas², Arya Prasad³
¹Vipin Venugopal, UG Student, Department of Electronics Engineering, Govt. Model Engineering College, (Kerala), India.
²Deborah Thomas, UG Student, Department of Electronics Engineering, Govt. Model Engineering College, (Kerala), India.
³Arya Prasad, UG Student, Department of Electronics Engineering, Govt. Model Engineering College, (Kerala), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 34-37 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1830104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The invention of ATM machine marked a revolutionary change in the Banking sector. It made the money withdrawal an easier and flexible task. This changed the acronym of ATM from Automated Teller Machine to Any Time Money. This popularity was gained only with a single feature WITHDRAW. It is difficult to deposit the money to a Bank account through the traditional method of going to the bank, writing the slip, standing in the queue and depositing the money. So, what if DEPOSIT is also made possible in an ATM? As per the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, cash in the system (currency with people) stands at Rs. 11,64,450crore as on September 6, 2013. Approximately 10 per cent of the economy is cash with people. So, if a part of that cash comes back into the system, that itself puts more resources with the banks and the country would benefit. Today, bank branches close at 4 or 5 p.m. whereas most of India’s retail trade happens in the evening. So, banks need to have the ability to set up cash deposit machines. We propose a system that can not only accept bank notes, but also detect the presence of counterfeit notes, separate notes based on genuineness and denomination, and give the total amount deposited; and hence provide a highly useful extension to existing ATMs and a secure way of cash deposits.
Keywords: Image Processing, Embedded System, Mechatronic, Counterfeit Detection, Indian Currency, Currency Recognition, Correlation, Microcontroller.
Scope of the Article: Expert Systems

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E1821104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 06:13:03 +0000

BIST based can Bus Control System Implemented into FPGA
Amit Kumar Bhadrawat¹, Sourabh Sharma²
¹Amit Kumar Bhadrawat, M.Tech Student, Trinity Institute of Technology and Research, Bhopal (M.P), India.
²Sourabh Sharma, Assistant Professor, Department of EC, Trinity Institute of Technology and Research, Bhopal (M.P), India.
Manuscript received on 17 October 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 October 2014 | PP: 29-33 | Volume-4 Issue-5, October 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1821104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Electronics components in many application required maximum level of fault tolerance and high reliability . Application like avionic, railway ,deep space mission can serve as an example of these applications. In these applications, electronics components are exhibited to the environment conditions, from among them especially cosmic radiation can have an undesired and destructive effect. In this paper,the design and implementation of BIST based CAN bus control system into FPGA is described. The bus control system uses CAN Aerospace application protocol .the fault tolerant features of the developed system are improved by BIST architecture. Then, experiments With SEU injection into the FPGA configuration memory with both non-TMR and BIST architectures are described, the results presented and evaluated.
Keywords: CAN Bus, BIST, Fault, Fault Tolerant, FPGA, TMR.
Scope of the Article: Signal Control System & Processing

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