Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

F1865114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 05:00:37 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. 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Implementation of Formal Verification on Scalable Arbiter
V. S. Jagannatha Rao¹, Siva Yellampalli²
¹V. S. Jagannatha Rao, Sr. Lecturer, Department of ECE, SJBIT, Bangalore Centre, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore India.
²Dr. Siva Yellampalli, Professor, UTL Technologies Ltd, VTU Extension, Bangalore India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 70-76 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1865114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper, the Formal Verification (FV) approach is implemented on a scalable arbiter. Arbiters are a critical component in systems containing shared resources. FV is an approach using mathematical proof of ensuring that a design’s implementation matches its specification, and utilizes formal analysis techniques targeted at assertions within the RTL, to find design errors. The FV requires, properties and coverage to be written and the same is required to be coded using system verilog assertions (SVA). The key advantage of FV is that it does not require test benches to run and can be used to verify RTL codes very early in the design process. The implementation requires checking RTL design of arbiter, clock initialization, implementation of assertions, proving properties, coverage and tabulating the results, to ensure successful implementation. The results are analyzed by running the incisive formal verifier, (ifv), tool and checking for the properties and coverage which are written in SVA, for pass or fail.
Keywords: Formal Verification FV,Time to Market, System Verilog Assertions –SVA, Bug Free Silicon, Resusbality.
Scope of the Article: Expert Systems

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F1863114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:54:32 +0000

Credit Card Fraud Detection using Decision Tree Induction Algorithm
Jyoti R. Gaikwad¹, Amruta B. Deshmane², Harshada V. Somavanshi³, Snehal V. Patil⁴, Rinku A. Badgujar⁵
¹Jyoti R. Gaikwad, Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM’s Bhivarabai sawant Institute of Technology And Research, Wagholi, Pune (Maharashtra), India.
²Amruta B. Deshmane, Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM’s Bhivarabai sawant Institute of Technology And Research, Wagholi, Pune (Maharashtra), India.
³Harshada V.Somavanshi, Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM’s Bhivarabai sawant Institute of Technology And Research, Wagholi, Pune (Maharashtra), India.
⁴Snehal V. Patil, Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM’s Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology And Research, Wagholi, Pune (Maharashtra), India.
⁵Rinku A. Badgujar, Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM’s Bhivarabai sawant Institute of Technology And Research, Wagholi, Pune (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 66-69 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1863114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: With the brisk advancement in the electronic commerce technology and improvements in the communication channels, fraud is scattering all over the world, ensuing in massive financial losses. In machine learning Fraud detection has been an interesting topic. In present day, the major causes of great financial losses is credit card fraud, which affect not only merchants but also individual clients too. Due to enormous raise in credit card transactions, credit card fraud has become more and more rampant in recent years. Clustering model, Gaussian mixture model, Bayesian networks are the presented methods to detect credit card fraud. In Proposed system, data mining technology, classification models based on ID3 decision trees and visual cryptography are applied on credit card fraud detection problem. Thus by the implementation of this approach in fraud detection systems, financial losses due to fraudulent transactions can be decreased more.
Keywords: Data Mining, Credit card fraud, Credit Card Fraud Detection, E-Commerce Security, ID3 Decision Tree, Internet, online shopping, Visual Cryptography.
Scope of the Article: Algorithm Engineering

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E1835104514

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:48:11 +0000

Protection Method against Induction Motor Single-Phasing Fault
Cosmas U. Ogbuka¹, Ogbonnaya Bassey²
¹Engr. Cosmas U. Ogbuka, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Nigeria.
²Ogbonnaya Bassey, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Nigeria.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 61-65 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: E1835104514/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper proposes a protection scheme for three phase induction motors against single-phasing faults. Dynamic model of the induction motor in the stationary reference frame was adopted and modified to reflect single-phasing fault. A simulation algorithm was proposed, which can help determine the impact of single-phasing on any three phase induction motor. A case study simulation was carried-out with sudden single-phasing using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. A single-phasing protection by means of contactors was reviewed before an enhanced single-phasing protection was designed. A prototype of the enhanced protection method was implemented by the use of ac to dc converter, PIC16F877A and DC relays. The latter, in additional to offering protection against single-phasing, also protects the motor from under-voltage, over-voltage and voltage unbalance.
Keywords: Single-Phasing, Three-Phase Induction Motor, PIC16F877A, ADC, Contactor.
Scope of the Article: Probabilistic Models and Methods

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F1862114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:41:20 +0000

ARM Simulation using C++ and Multithreading
Suresh Babu S¹, Channabasappa Baligar²
¹Suresh Babu S, M.Tech Department of VLSI Design & Emd System, UTL Technologies, Bangalore India.
²Channabasappa Baligar, M.Tech Professor, Department of VLSI Design & Emd System, UTL Technologies, Bangalore India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 56-60 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1862114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This project is to be produced a software simulation of an ARM processor. A hardware simulator is a piece of software that emulates specific hardware devices, enabling execution of software that is written and compiled for those devices, on alternate systems. Aim of this project is to develop an ARM simulator using C++ and Multithreading, the same is tested with ‘GDB’ tool in Linux 2.6.37.4. The main feature of the project is the implementation of the ARM simulation with multithreading. The analysis phase of the project involved detailed studies of different ARM architectures and ARM assembly language. Most of the decisions about hardware components to include in the simulation and assembly instructions to support were to be made during this stage. This phase also involved identifying the requirements of the simulator. The next stage was design, in which the major parts are identified to develop the simulation part of an ARM processor. The implementation phase involved turning the major parts into code, following the design as closely as possible. C++ programming language is to be used as it is object oriented programming language to implement the project. Multithreading concept is to be adopted to execute decoding function and execute function, so that execution will become faster. GDB is to be used to debug the project.
Keywords: ARM, Simulation, Thumb, Multithreading.
Scope of the Article: Network Modelling and Simulation

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F1864114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:33:26 +0000

New Technique of Edge Detection based on FIS
Shikha Bharti
Er. Shikha Bharti, Lectruer, Department of ECE, Model Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jammu India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 51-55 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1864114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Edge detection of images is an important aspect in the field of image processing. Edges can be detected from the images by using various derivative edge detection methods, such as Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, Roberts operator, Laplacian operators and Canny operators .With these different approaches the edges are detected but somehow false edges are also detected or some important edges are missed due to the presence of noise. Therefore a new technique of artificial intelligence called fuzzy inference system is used in order to reduce these types of effects.. This paper presents a novel edge detection algorithm based on fuzzy inference system.The proposed approach uses a 3×3 sliding window with eight inputs and the center pixel as the output . ,then the pixel values of window are subjected to various fuzzy rules designed . Based on these set of rules the output of fuzzy is decided whether that particular pixel is an edge or not .Moreover the developed algorithm is compared with sobel ,prewitt etc to find the respective mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio of images containing noise.
Keywords: Image Processing, Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Image Processing, MATLAB, Edge Detection, Fuzzy Rules, Noise.
Scope of the Article: Fuzzy Logics

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F1861114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:26:58 +0000

Providing Localization using Triangulation Method in Wireless Sensor Networks
Leelavathy S. R¹, Sophia S²
¹Leelavathy S. R, Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Dr. T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, India.
²Sophia S, Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Dr. T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology, India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 47-50 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1861114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The applications of sensor networks which are developed require the location of wireless devices, and localization technique has been developed to meet this requirement. The Wireless sensor networks have been proved useful in many applications, like environment monitoring and military surveillance and many more. Triangulation is one such method that will be examined for localization. For the triangulation based localization uses the geometric properties of triangle to estimate locations, which relies on angle measurements.
Keywords: Localization, Triangulation, Trilateration, Time of Arrival (Toa) Time Difference of Arrival (Tdoa.)
Scope of the Article: Network Protocols & Wireless Networks

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F1857114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:21:06 +0000

Optimization of Special Purpose Rotational MIG Welding by Experimental and Taguchi Technique
Mohan B. Raut¹, S. N. Shelke²
¹Prof. Mohan B. Raut, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik (Maharashtra), India.
²Prof. S. N. Shelke, Department of Engineering, SVIT, Chincholi, Nashik (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 39-46 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1857114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper presents the case study to find the design optimization for special purpose MIG welding operation . The MIG Welding parameters are the most important factors affecting the quality, productivity and cost of welding. This paper presents the effect of welding parameters like welding current, welding voltage, welding speed , gas flow rate, rotational speed of work piece, filler wire feed rate on MIG welding. Experiments are conducted based on Taguchi Technique to achieve the required data. An Orthogonal Array, Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of varience (ANOVA) are used to find out the welding characteristics and optimization parameters. Finally the confirmations tests have been carried out to compare the predicted values with the experimental values.
Keywords: MIG Welding, Optimization, Design of Experiments (DOE), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Signal to Noise (SNR) Ratio.
Scope of the Article: Welding Technology

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F1860114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:15:42 +0000

Fuzzy Logic Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Photovoltaic Field
Anass Ait Laachir¹, Tarik Jarou², Moulay Brahim Sedra³, Abderrahmane El Kachani⁴, Abdelhamid Niaaniaa⁵
¹Mr. Anass Ait Laachir, Department of Physics, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco.
²Pof. Tarik Jarou, Department of Physics, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco.
³Prof. Moulay Brahim Sedra, Department of Physics, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco.
⁴Mr. Abderrahmane El Kachani, Department of Physics, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco.
⁵Pof. Abdelhamid Niaania, Department of Physics, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 33-38 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1860114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Maximizing the power point tracking of photovoltaic systems is currently the purpose of several researches in the context of renewable energies improvement. In this work we optimize and enhance the maximum power point tracking algorithm based on fuzzy logic controller. Our approach focuses on determining the maximum power point in a minimal time in order to get the lowest possible energy loss. The fuzzy logic controller presented in this work provide fast response and good performance against the climatic and load change and uses directly the DC/DC converter duty cycle as a control parameter. After establishing our algorithm, we have performed a comparative study with the classical algorithm used most perturb and observe in various operating conditions. The simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show that fuzzy logic controller provides better tracking compared to Perturb and observe despite the climatic change (solar insolation and temperature).
Keywords: DC-DC Converter, Fuzzy Logic, MPPT, Perturb and Observe, Photovoltaic.
Scope of the Article: Bio-Science and Bio-Technology

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F1853114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 04:09:36 +0000

Enhanced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Polyethylene Glycol Capped Sn0.99-xCuxCr0.01O2 Nanoparticles
K. Subramanyam¹, N. Sreelekha², D. Amaranatha Reddy³, G. Murali⁴, R. P. Vijayalakshmi⁵
¹R.P. Vijayalakshmi, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), India.
²K.Subramanyam, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), India.
³N.Sreelekha, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), India.
⁴D.Amaranatha Reddy, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), India.
⁵G.Murali, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 27-32 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1853114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Sn0.99-xCuxCr0.01O2 (x=0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple chemical co-precipitation method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a surfactant for the first time. EDAX spectra confirmed the presence of Cr and Cu in the host material with near stoichiometric ratio. The results from XRD studies indicated that the synthesized samples had a single phase rutile type tetragonal crystal structure as that of (P42/mnm) SnO2. TEM analysis revealed that the average particle size lies in the range of 8-10 nm. Optical absorption spectra and corresponding Tauc’s plots showed a blueshift in optical absorption band edge, the bandgap widening with increasing Cu concentration in Sn0.99-xCuxCr0.01O2 nanoparticles can be well explained in terms Burstein–Moss effect. From magnetization measurements it is noticed that the saturation magnetization increases for 1% of Cu doping, then decreased with increasing the Cu concentration. The observed magnetic behavior is well supported with the bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) model.
Keywords: Cu Co-Doping, Chemical Synthesis, Burstein–Moss Effect, FTIR Spectra, Room Temperature Ferromagnetism.
Scope of the Article: Bio-Science and Bio-Technology

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F1850114614

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 03:53:33 +0000

A Blind Digital Image Watermarking using Joint DCT-DWT and Twin Encoding Methodology
Poonam H. Mahajan¹, Pramod B. Bhalerao²
¹Ms. Poonam H. Mahajan, PG Scholar , Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DIEMS, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India.
²Mr. Pramod B. Bhalerao, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DIEMS, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India.
Manuscript received on 12 November 2014 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 November 2014 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2014 | PP: 22-26 | Volume-4 Issue-6, November 2014 | Retrieval Number: F1850114614/14©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Digital Image Watermarking is that the method that embeds knowledge known as a watermark or digital signature or tag or label into a transmission object such watermark may be detected or extracted later to form associate assertion regarding the ob-ject. There square measure varied techniques with that the method of watermarking may be performed. we’ve summarized these techniques in brief. In this work, we tend to square measure presenting few recent watermarking algorithms. One ofthem may be a sturdy digital image watermarking algorithmic program supported Joint DWT-DCT Transformation.This methodology exploits strength of 2 common frequency domains method; DCT and DWT, to get more physical property and hardiness. the thought of inserting watermark within the combined rework is predicated on the very fact that joint rework may eliminate the downside of every alternative. then, associate elective watermarking methodology may be obtained. the opposite is powerful Blind Digital Image Watermarking mistreatment DWT and twin coding Technique. This algorithmic program exploits the random sequence generated by Arnold and Chaos transformations. separate ripple transformation of third level decomposition is employed to convert the image into its frequency domain.
Keywords: Digital Image Watermarking, Blind Digital Image Watermarking, Twin Coding, Arnold Rework, Chaos Rework, DWT, DCT
Scope of the Article: Image Security

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