Volume-8 Issue-7S2, May 2019 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

G11210587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 06:27:23 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. 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Global Position Indexing: Applications
Garimella Rama Murthy¹, Aishwarya Jain²

¹Garimella Rama Murthy, Awaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Mahindra Ecole Centrale Engineering College, Hyderabad, India.

²Aishwarya Jain, Indian Institutes of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.

Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this research paper, the problem of indexing physical locations across a planet (like time indexing based on dates/ months/years) is addressed and a solution is provided. Different countries around the world devised various geographical location specification codes (along with state/ province names, district names, city/ town/ village names etc.). But, to this day, there is no addressing scheme to specify various types of geographical locations such as hospitals, hotels etc. around the world. Apart from coarse grain localization of spatial locations using longitude, latitude (on the globe), and fine grain specification of spatial positions is an open research problem. In this research paper, we provide an interesting solution to this problem and its applications. This research paper is an effort in that direction to provide global position addressing. Various interesting applications of such local/global position indexing are provided. It is hoped that such indexing when linked with other addresses such as IPv6 addresses will be very useful.

Keywords: IPv6 Addressing, Tuple Idea, Global Position Indexing.
Scope of the Article: Information Ecology and Knowledge Management

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G11200587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 06:21:29 +0000

Spread Spectrum Based Digital Audio Watermarking
Bodhvi Gaur¹, Chandrakala.C.B²

¹Bodhvi Gaur, Department of Information and Communications Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

²Chandrakala C. B, Department of Information and Communications Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the very recent advancements in the field of spread spectrum watermarking of audio data. An exhaustive literature overview of each of these in terms of the methodology, advantages, challenges, applications and future prospects has been discussed. These techniques range from aiming at improving robustness, making watermarks more imperceptible, prevention against the wide range of attacks on audio data. This paper also reveals the challenges that are faced by the researchers working in this domain, that are yet to be tackled and thus have a research potential. To the best of our knowledge there is no recent study discussing the various spread spectrum based audio watermarking techniques and thus our work will serve as the foundation for the new comer’s keen on further research in this area.

Keywords: Digital Audio Watermarking, Spread Spectrum, Watermarking.
Scope of the Article: Communications

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G11190587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 06:17:14 +0000

A Bandwidth Enhanced U-Slot PIFA with Defected Ground Structure for Dual-Band Mobile Applications
T.Narasimha Murthy¹, N. Bala Subhramanyam², A.V.Narasimha Rao³

¹T. Narasimha Murthy, Assistant Professor, Freudenberg Sealing Technologies, Foundation for Higher Education, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University, Hyderabad, India.

²Dr. N. Bala Subramanyam, Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Rushikonda Private College, Visakhapatnam, India.

³Dr. A.V. Narasimha Rao, Professor, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.

Abstract: The Planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is compact antenna and it is widely used in hand-held communication terminals. Despite their favorable features of excellent performance characteristics, low-profile and flexibility of integration, the PIFA is inherently of small bandwidth. Since present day need for multi band communication by a single device, there is necessity for a multi band PIFA. The present work proposes a novel configuration of PIFA for dual band operation with bandwidth enhancement for hand-held wireless communication devices, which is achieved by modification of the physical structure of both radiating patch and of the ground plane. Simulated and measured results demonstrate that the new configuration covers two frequency bands with a considerable bandwidth improvement.

Keywords: Bandwidth, Cognitive Radio, Planner antennas, Resonance, Return-Loss, Ultra Wideband, HFSS.
Scope of the Article: Communications

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G11180587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 06:08:07 +0000

Revamped Malicious Node Detection and Removal Scheme in MANET using Auxiliary Cluster Head
Niveditha P S¹, Sreeleja N², Unnithan³, Prasad R Menon⁴

¹Niveditha P S, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Service Schem College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

²Sreeleja N Unnithan, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Service Schem College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

³Unnithan, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Service Schem College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

⁴Prasad R Menon, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Service Schem College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

Abstract: The Mobile ad hoc networks are widely accepted due to its wide range of applications in various fields of life. Amidst these advantages MANETs faces a lot of security issues due to its mobile nature and lack of efficient security mechanisms. Proposed EMDR (Esteem based Malicious node Detection and Removal) scheme provides a secure routing method for the efficient transfer of data in the network. This protocol helps to overcome the malicious node attacks effectively. It utilizes the validity value table, esteem level table and neighbor table maintained by every mobile node in the communication network to find and use a secure route between the initiating node and the final node. Depending upon the values obtained in the validity value table and esteem level table, the cluster head node identify the malicious nodes present in the path and find the most reliable route to the destination node. In addition to this security mechanism, here every mobile node has more than one cluster head. This standby cluster head is termed as auxiliary cluster head (ACH). When the main cluster head fails during data transmission, then the source node seeks the help of the auxiliary cluster head immediately. Thus it eliminates the condition of network failure.

Keywords: Auxiliary Cluster Head, Malicious Node, Network Failure Reduction.
Scope of the Article: Communication

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G11170587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 06:02:26 +0000

Energy Efficient Design of Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: Constrained Clustering
Garimella Rama Murthy¹, Mohammed Nazeer², Padmalaya Nayak³

¹Rama Murthy Garimella, B. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.

²Mohammed Nazeer obtained, B. E, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.

³Padmalaya Nayak, M. E, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Engineering Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.

Abstract: The performance in Wireless sensor network (WSN) is improved by endorsing mobility e.g. reduces traffic by avoiding un necessary and less transmission and reception of packets, while less attention has been focused on selection of cluster head. Thus in this existing paper we design an energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol, we formulate cluster head choosing problem by considering both distance and energy as a quadratic optimization problem and provide a solution to it. To the best of our knowledge, the derivation of centroid of patterns based on interesting optimization problem is novel and is not known in the literature. We derive the position of centroid by formulating and solving an optimization problem by allowing mobility to sensors and base station/sink.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Mobility, Energy Efficiency, Clustering.
Scope of the Article: Communication

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G11160587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 05:51:49 +0000

Design and Implementation of a New Routing Algorithm for Fault Tolerance in Network
P. Padmaja¹, G.V. Marutheswar²

¹Dr. P. Padmaja, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Vignan Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India.

²Dr. G. V. Marutheswar, Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. V. U. College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract: The possibility to integrate more and more cores on the same chip puts severe constraints on the reliability, to which it is important to provide correct services in the presence of faults. Many fault tolerant routing algorithms are used to overcome the faults in Network on chip. However, these routing algorithms, suffer from another problem like the congestion. In this work, a novel approach inspired by Catnap is proposed for No Cs using Local and Global congestion detection mechanisms with hierarchical sub-networks architecture. With the help of these two techniques, the No C becomes fault tolerant and is able to efficiently utilize the throughput. After simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm gives a better performance by reducing the latency and increase the reliability of the network. In addition, the algorithm has another advantage : it reduces the congestion which is considered as a temporary fault. Simulations show that our proposed algorithm reduces the latency more than 15% and throughput is improved by 20% compared to the PDA- FTR routing.

Keywords: Network on Chip, Fault Tolerance, Congestion, Reliability, Sub-Network, Routing Algorithm.
Scope of the Article: Communications

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G11150587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 05:45:16 +0000

Jumper Fire Fly Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Anchor Based Localization
S. Sivakumar¹, C.Bharathi Priya²

¹Dr. S. Sivakumar, Department of Electronics and Communication, Presidency University, Bangalore, India.

²C. Bharathi Priya, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore (TamilNadu), India.

Abstract: Estimating the spatial coordinates of nodes is one of the research challenges in Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN). Localization problem deals with the identification of the sensor node’s position. Localization is a primary task for data dissemination, object tracking, routing etc. All these applications are location dependent. This work aims at identifying the physical coordinates of nodes in the network by providing minimal localization error and thereby increasing localization accuracy. Mobile Anchor-based positioning, a range–free localization method used for localization of the nodes. The proposed algorithm used for localization is Jumper Firefly Optimization Algorithm through Mobile Anchor Positioning (JFA-MAP). The objective is to apply JFA – MAP algorithm over the results of MAP with Mobile Anchor & Neighbor (MAP-M&N) to improve the location accuracy. Based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the experimental analysis was performed, and simulation studies convey that the proposed JFA-MAP approach is efficient in reducing the localization error than MAP-M&N algorithm.

Keywords: Mobile Anchor, Jumper Fire fly, RSSI,MAP.
Scope of the Article: Communication

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G11140587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 05:41:10 +0000

An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for WSN Assisting IoT
Abdul Wasay Mudasser¹, Shaik Mohammed Rasool², Shah Aqueel Ahmed Abdul Gafoor³

¹Abdul Wasay Mudasser, M. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

²Shaik Mohammed Rasool, M. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

³Shah Aqueel Ahmed Abdul Gafoor, M. Tech, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Abstract: In present modernized era Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is used for many applications like Smart homes, Weather monitoring systems, Smart cities etc. and it is integrated into the (IoT). In this the nodes are resource strained in different ways, like energy resource, Storage resource, computing resource etc. To maintain a long network a powerful routing protocols are required. Here we proposed a technique for WSN using a routing protocol for energy efficient assisting IoT based on Hybrid optimization techniques to enhance the energy efficiency and network lifetime. A new series of hybrid algorithm is adapted for clusters and based on the center position cluster head(CH) which is rotated for distributing the energy between the sensor nodes. An advance technique is proposed for enhancing the network lifetime and energy utilization. A remaining energy is viewed in the proposed routing protocol in certain nodes to evaluate the center position. The proposed simulation result will show and compare with LEACH, LEACH-C, GEEC and the present existing EECRP. The proposed routing protocol will perform better than the existing system.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network Clustering, Energy Efficiency, Internet of Things.
Scope of the Article: Communication

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G11130587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 05:32:37 +0000

Converging Blockchain and Internet of Things
David Nettikadan¹, Riya T Raphael², Blessy Daise Paul³

¹David Nettikadan, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Thrissur, India.

²Riya T Raphael, M. Tech Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology , Thrissur, India.

³Blessy Daise Paul, M. Tech Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology , Thrissur, India.

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is expanding at an unimaginable pace and is applied to every aspect of life. Though no one questions the impact and usefulness of this technology, many criticisms have been coming up these days as many security and privacy issues are made public. At the same time having a central system capable of controlling and maintaining a large number of devices is also an issue faced by the IoT ecosystem. The solution proposed by most of the researchers and industries is to converge the IoT ecosystem with the technology underlying the most secure cryptocurrency Bitcoin, which is called as Blockchain. A blockchain in short is an immutable distributed ledger system. It enables the IoT devices to have data security and privacy without needing a central authority. This paper studies what are the issues IoT ecosystem is currently facing and how a blockchain can help to solve it, the relevance of blockchain-IoT convergence, and the areas where this can be applied. The companies who are developing products based on this new technology and various challenges this technology is facing right now is also explored in this paper.

Keywords: Blockchain, De-centralization, Distributed Systems, Internet of Things, Security.
Scope of the Article: Communication

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G11120587S219

IJITEE Journal — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 05:29:09 +0000

Performance Analysis of Various PAPR Reduction Schemes for 4G-LTE Cellular Mobile Systems
Chanamala Vijay¹, Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao²

¹Chanamala Vijay, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India.

²Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India.

Abstract: In the revolution and advancements of wireless communications, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) plays a major role. The main drawbacks of OFDM are Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI), will degrade its performance, motivates the idea for reducing PAPR. In order to improve the performance of 4G-LTE system, PAPR has to be minimized hence various reduction schemes of PAPR such as Selective Mapping (SLM), Clipping and Filtering (CLF), and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) are discussed in this paper. This paper aims at the performance comparison of various reduction schemes of PAPR. Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) plots are used to figure out the best reduction scheme. From simulation results, it is observed that CCDF and PAPR of original signal are 0.875 and 10.61, with CLF 0.75 and 8.42, with SLM 0.75 and 9.695, with PTS 0.75 and 4.43 respectively. Hence, PTS gives better performance when compared to other schemes.

Keywords: CCDF, CLF, ICI, ISI, OFDM, PAPR, PTS, SLM.
Scope of the Article: Communication

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