<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch version="4.4.2" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.2 http://www.crossref.org/schema/deposit/crossref4.4.2.xsd">
<head>
<doi_batch_id>ba60f6118992d8a5a2249f</doi_batch_id>
<timestamp>20231122020950401</timestamp>
<depositor>
  <depositor_name>beie:beie</depositor_name> 
  <email_address>director@blueeyesintelligence.org</email_address>
</depositor>
<registrant>WEB-FORM</registrant> 
</head>
<body>
<journal>
<journal_metadata>   <full_title>International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering</full_title>   <abbrev_title>IJITEE</abbrev_title>   <issn media_type='electronic'>22783075</issn>   <doi_data>     <doi>10.35940/ijitee</doi>     <resource>https://www.ijitee.org/</resource>   </doi_data> </journal_metadata> <journal_issue>  <publication_date media_type='online'>     <month>11</month>     <day>30</day>     <year>2023</year>   </publication_date>   <journal_volume>     <volume>12</volume>   </journal_volume>   <issue>12</issue> </journal_issue><!-- ============== --> <journal_article publication_type='full_text'>   <titles>     <title>Image Transmission Analysis using CSS Modulation Scheme</title>   </titles>   <contributors>      <organization sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>DEETC, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa and Centre of Technology and Systems, Lisbon, Portugal.</organization>    <person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>      <given_name>Vitor</given_name>      <surname>Fialho</surname>      <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-975X</ORCID>    </person_name>  </contributors>    <jats:abstract xml:lang='en'>         <jats:p>Image transmission through low-speed communication systems has been a challenge to overcome in the last few years. Actual IoT technologies are supported by LPWAN, where power consumption is a primary issue to consider. The image transmission study presented in this paper is based on Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation scheme used by LoRa. A simulation model for image transmission is presented, where the communication channel is based on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), with a configurable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This model allows the modification of several LoRa CSS parameters such as: spreading factor (SF) bandwidth (BW) and code rate (CR). The adopted metrics for the evaluation of the proposed methodology are symbol error rate (SER), bit error rate (BER) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The first two figures of merit allow the study of the transmission quality and with the last one is possible to infer the received image quality. For a SF=8 and SNR=-10 dB the obtained values of SER and BER are 0.001 1e-4, respectively. These values will lead to a PSNR = 21 dB.</jats:p>     </jats:abstract>  <publication_date media_type='online'>     <month>11</month>     <day>30</day>     <year>2023</year>   </publication_date>   <pages>     <first_page>32</first_page>     <last_page>35</last_page>   </pages>   <crossmark>     <crossmark_version>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</crossmark_version>     <crossmark_policy>10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy</crossmark_policy>     <crossmark_domains>       <crossmark_domain>          <domain>www.ijitee.org</domain>       </crossmark_domain>     </crossmark_domains>     <crossmark_domain_exclusive>true</crossmark_domain_exclusive>     <custom_metadata>       <assertion explanation='Journal Name' group_label='Journal Name' group_name='Journal' name='Declaration' order='0'>International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)</assertion>       <assertion explanation='Funding' group_label='Funding' group_name='Funding' name='Declaration' order='1'>No financial support or any kind of funds, grants, or financial support received.</assertion>       <assertion explanation='Conflicts of Interest' group_label='Conflicts of Interest' group_name='Conflicts-of-Interest' name='Declaration' order='2'>There is no conflicts of interest to the best of my knowledge.</assertion>       <assertion explanation='Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate' group_label='Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate' group_name='Ethical-Approval-and-Consent-to-Participate' name='Declaration' order='3'>The article does not require ethical approval and consent to participate.</assertion>       <assertion explanation='Availability of Data and Material' group_label='Availability of Data and Material' group_name='Availability-of-Data-and-Material' name='Declaration' order='4'>Not relevant.</assertion>       <assertion explanation='Authors Contributions' group_label='Authors Contributions' group_name='Authors-Contributions' name='Declaration' order='5'>I am only the sole author of the article.</assertion>     </custom_metadata>   </crossmark>   <doi_data>     <doi>10.35940/ijitee.L9753.11121223</doi>     <resource>https://www.ijitee.org/portfolio-item/L975311121223/</resource>   </doi_data> </journal_article>
</journal>
</body>
</doi_batch>
