396e3d57186c1f28fcb1a61 20230620040007975 beie:beie director@blueeyesintelligence.org WEB-FORM International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering IJITEE 22783075 10.35940/ijitee https://www.ijitee.org/ 06 30 2023 12 7 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, VTU, Belagavi, (Karnataka), India. S. A. Angadi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-9786 Hemavati C. Purad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-1780 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, VTU, Belagavi, (Karnataka), India. Image Retrieval is the process of retrieving images from the image/multimedia databases. Retrieval of images are carried out with various types of queries, free-form query is a text-query that consists of single or multiple keywords and/or concepts or descriptions of images with or without the inclusion of wild-card characters and/or punctuations. This work aims to handle image retrieval based on free-form text queries. Simple & complex queries of conceptual descriptions of images are explored and an intelligent processing system with free-form queries based on the Bag-of-Words model is modified and built for natural scene images and on Diverse Social Images using the Damerau-Levenshtein edit distance measure. The efficacy of the proposed system is evaluated by testing 1500 free-form text queries and has resulted in a recall accuracy of 91.3% on natural scene images (of Wang/Corel database) and 100% on Diverse Social Images (of DIV400 dataset). These results show that the system proposed has produced satisfactory performance compared to published results such as the harmonic mean of precision and recall (i.e. F1-Score) of 76.70% & 63.32% at retrieval of 20 images etc in reported works. 06 30 2023 40 50 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 10.35940/BEIESP.CrossMarkPolicy www.ijitee.org true International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) No, I did not receive any financial support for this article. No conflicts of interest to the best of our knowledge. No, the article does not require ethical approval and consent to participate with evidence. Yes, Wang and Div400 are publicly available databases All authors have equal participation in this article. 10.35940/ijitee.G9618.0612723 https://www.ijitee.org/portfolio-item/G96180612723/