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  <timestamp>20241225073301474</timestamp>
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  <full_title>International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering</full_title>
  <abbrev_title>IJITEE</abbrev_title>
  <issn media_type='electronic'>22783075</issn>
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    <doi>10.35940/ijitee</doi>
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  <publication_date media_type='online'>
    <month>12</month>
    <day>30</day>
    <year>2024</year>
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  <journal_volume>
    <volume>14</volume>
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  <issue>1</issue>
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        <!-- ============== -->
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  <titles>
    <title>Average Propagation Length Analysis for the Construction Industry and Industrial Supply Chains</title>
  </titles>
  <contributors>
    <organization sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>Department of Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, Central house, London, United Kingdom.</organization>
    <person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>
     <given_name>Metin</given_name>
      <surname>Piskin</surname>
      <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-2273</ORCID>
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  <jats:abstract xml:lang='en'>
    <jats:p>This study employs Average Propagation Length (APL) analysis to investigate the structural linkages within regional industrial supply chains in the United Kingdom and its devolved nations, Scotland and Northern Ireland, focusing on the construction industry. APL analysis is a pivotal method in Industrial Engineering, offering quantitative insights into the strength, complexity, and extent of cross-industry interconnections. This approach provides a robust framework for understanding manufacturing systems and the intricate relationships that drive sectoral interactions in production chains. Findings reveal that in the UK, the construction industry maintains significant connections with electricity transmission and distribution, gas distribution, and steam and air conditioning distribution. These connections highlight the construction sector’s role as a critical node in the broader industrial network. Geographical distinctions in supply chain dynamics were observed: while inter-industry linkages span two steps in the UK overall, they reduce to a single step in Northern Ireland and Scotland due to their simpler economic structures. The complexity of the UK’s economy facilitates diverse pathways between sectors, resulting in the emergence of intermediate steps during inter-industry transitions. The study emphasizes that industrial linkages across the UK are robust and interconnected, with the service sector forming the core of the industrial supply chain. By driving outward expansion and providing key inputs to industries such as construction and utilities, the service sector underscores the critical role of cross-sectoral integration in enhancing supply chain efficiency and resilience. These findings contribute to the field of Industrial Engineering by providing a comprehensive understanding of regional supply chain dynamics, offering insights into optimizing industrial frameworks and fostering sustainable economic development.</jats:p>
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  <publication_date media_type='online'>
    <month>12</month>
    <day>30</day>
    <year>2024</year>
  </publication_date>
  <publication_date media_type='online'>
    <month>12</month>
    <day>30</day>
    <year>2024</year>
  </publication_date>
  <pages>
    <first_page>30</first_page>
    <last_page>39</last_page>
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      <assertion explanation='Declaration' group_label='Declaration' group_name='Declaration' label='Conflicts of Interest' name='Declaration' order='2'>Based on my understanding, this article has no conflicts of interest.</assertion>
      <assertion explanation='Declaration' group_label='Declaration' group_name='Declaration' label='Funding Support' name='Declaration' order='3'>This article has not been funded by any organizations or agencies. This independence ensures that the research is conducted with objectivity and without any external influence.</assertion>
      <assertion explanation='Declaration' group_label='Declaration' group_name='Declaration' label='Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate' name='Declaration' order='4'>The content of this article does not necessitate ethical approval or consent to participate with supporting documentation.</assertion>
      <assertion explanation='Declaration' group_label='Declaration' group_name='Declaration' label='Data Access Statement and Material Availability' name='Declaration' order='5'>The adequate resources of this article are publicly accessible.</assertion>
      <assertion explanation='Declaration' group_label='Declaration' group_name='Declaration' label='Authors Contributions' name='Declaration' order='6'>The authorship of this article is contributed solely.</assertion>
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  <doi_data>
    <doi>10.35940/ijitee.A1019.14011224</doi>
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