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Abstract: One of the environmental issues in most regions of Iran is the large number of bottles made from poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) deposited in domestic wastes and landfills. Due to the high volume of these bottles, more than 1 million m3 landfill spaces are needed for disposal every year. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the possibility of using PET waste in asphalt concrete mixes as aggregate replacement (Plastiphalt) to reduce the environmental effects of PET disposal. Concrete is the most widely used man made construction material in the world and its second only to water as the most utilized substance in the planet. Seeking aggregates for concrete and to dispose of the waste from various commodities is the present concern. Today sustainability has got top priority in construction industry. In the present study the recycled plastics were used to prepare the coarse aggregates thereby providing a sustainable option to deal with the plastic waste There are many recycling plants across the world, but as plastics are recycled they lose their strength with the number of recycling. So these plastics will end up as earth _ll. In this circumstance instead of recycling it repeatedly, if it is utilized to prepare aggregates for concrete, it will be a boon to the construction industry. Most of the failures in concrete structures occur due to the failure of concrete by crushing of aggregates. Plastic aggregate which have low crushing values will not be crushed as easily as the stone aggregates. These aggregates are also lighter in weight compared to stone aggregates. Since a complete substitution for Conventional Aggregate was not found feasible, a partial substitution with various percentage of plastic aggregate was done. Both volumetric and grade substitution was employed in this investigation.
Keywords: Plastic Aggregate, Plastic Waste's. About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
References:
1. Madan Mohan Reddy ,K, Ajitha .B,and Bhavani .R , Melt-Densied Post Con- sumer Recycled Plastic Bags Used As Light Weight Aggregate In Concrete",“ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN:2248-9622 Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1097-1101.
2. V. Kasselouri - Rigopoulou, S. Gavela, S. Kolias Use Of Polymeric Wastes In The Concrete Production" Polymers in concrete: a vision for the 21st century, Cement & Concrete Composites 21: (1999) 449-452.
3. Baboo Rai, S. Tabin Rushad, Bhavesh Kr, and S. K. Duggal Research Article Study of Waste Plastic Mix Concrete with Plasticizer" International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Civil Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 469272, 5pages doi:10.5402/2012/469272 2005.
4. Manual on Cement Concrete & Aggregates Australia Use of Recycled Aggregates in Construction May 2008Removal and Reuse of Hardened Concrete (ACI 555R- 01), American Concrete Institute.
5. Alessandra Passaro recycled plastic lightweight aggregate for concrete“
6. S. Gavela , C. Karakosta , C. Nydriotis , V. Kaselouri-Rigopoulou , S. Kolias , P. A. Tarantili , C. Magoulas , D. Tassios and A. Andreopoulos A Study Of Concretes Containing Thermoplastic Wastes As Aggregates”
7. L. R. Bandodkar, A. A. Gaonkar, N. D. Gaonkar, & Y. P. Gauns Pulverised PET Bottles as Partial Replacement for Sand" International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering 1009 ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011, pp. 1009-1012
8. Dr. Prahallada M.C and Dr. Prakash K.B Strength and Workability Charac- teristics of Waste Plastic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Produced From Recycled Aggregates" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
9. V. Vytlacilov The bre reinforced concrete with using recycled aggregates" In- ternational Journal Of Systems Applications, Engineering & Development Issue 3, Volume 5, 2011
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Abstract: The Article deals with the magic elements found in the eposes of the Scandinavian and Turkic eposes. In connection with it the author focuses attention on the mythological motives connected with prediction. The studies discover that the genesis of this factor is connected with rituals and ceremonies. The phenomenon of transformation of the verbal elements found in the ceremonies of magic nature and in rituals into the texts of folklore is explained. The author makes such an inference that the similarities encountered in the folklore of the two peoples are typological in essence.
Keywords: Magic, prediction, myth, motive, text, ceremony, folklore, Turkic, Scandinavian, epos
References:
1. Azərbaycan dastanları. Tərtib edən: Ə. Axundov. Beş cilddə, cild 1. Bakı: Elm, 1972. – 448 s.
2. Bəydilli C. (Cəlilov) Qam-şamançılığın etnomədəniyyətimizdə yeri. Bakı: Ağrıdağ, 2000. – 204 c.
3. İnan A. Tarihte ve Bu Gün Şamanizm. Materialler ve araştırmalar. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kuruımı, 1954. – 227 s.
4. Kaşğarlı M. Divanü Luğatit-Türk. Ankara: Kabalçı Yayınevi, 2005. – 725 s.
5. Kazımoğlu M. Gülüşün arxaik kökləri. Bakı: Elm, 2005. – 186 s.
6. Kazımoğlu M. Nağıl və dastanlarda ikiləşən obrazlar // Elmi araşdırmalar (Folklorşünaslıq: filologiya, fəlsəfə, tarix, incəsənət və nəzəriyyə aspektləri). Bakı: Nurlan, 2009. s. 9-11
7. Kitabi-Dədə Qorqud. Bakı: Yazıçı, 1988. – 266 s.
8. Koroğlu. Bakı: Maarif, 1975. – 316 s.
9. Manas Destanı. Hazırlayan: T. Giilensoy. Ankara: Başer, 2002. – 366 s.
10. Rəcəbov Ə., Məmmədov Y. Orxon-Yenisey abidələri. Bakı: Yazıçı, 1993. – 396 s.
11. Şaman əfsanələri və söyləmələri. Bakı: 1993. – 144 s.
12. Beoвyльф. Cтapшaя Эдда. Песня o Hебелунгах. M.: Xyдожественная литepaтypa, 1975, 750 c.
13. Гуревич А.Я. Эдда и Сага. M.: Hayкa, 1979. – 191 c.
14. Дюмезиль М.Ж. Верховные боги индоевропейцев. Пер. с фр. Т. В. Цивьян. М.: Наука, 1986. – 234 с.
15. Кельтская мифология. Энциклопедия. М.: Эксмо, 2005. – 640 с.16. Мелетинский Е.М. «Эдда» и ранние формы эпоса. М.: Наука, 1968. – 368 с.
17. Младшая Эдда. Л.: Наука, 1970. – 139 с.
18. Мифы народов мира. Энциклопедия. В II томах, под. ред. С.А. Токарева. М.: 1987
19. Советская энциклопедия, 1987, 671 с., II том. 1988. – 719 с.
20. Новик Е.С. Обряд и фольклор в сибирском шаманизме, М.: Наука, 1984. – 304 с.
21. Пропп В.Л. Фольклор и действительность. М.: Наука, 1976. – 327 с.
22. Стеблин-Каменский М.И. Миф. Л.: Наука, 1976. – 104 с.
23. Элиаде М. Космос и история. М.: Прогресс, 1987. – 313 с.
24. Ирландские саги. М.-Л.: Художественная Литература, 1961. – 296 с.
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Abstract: In the article the past tense verbs suffixes of in the oguz group of the Turkish languages are considered. The comparative analysis of theverbs suffixesin different languages belonging to the Turkic groupon the base of the examples is presented. The comparison of the verbs suffixes in the singular and plural forms in the Middle Ages and in modern times is demonstrated.
Keywords: dative case affixes of Oghuz group Turkish languages, sound assimilation, and classification.
References:
1. Alizade A.C. “About Morphological Characteristics of Dative Case on Written Monuments of Azerbaijan Language” // “News of EA”. “Series of Language, Literature and Art”. 1986, 1, s.113 – 116.
2. Asker Ramiz. M.Kashgari and his “Divanü lüğat – it türk” work. Baku: “MBM”, 2008. – 432 s.
3. Azizov E. “Historical Dialectology of Azerbaijan Language”. “Establishment and development of Dialect System”. Baku, Edition of B.S.U. 1999. – 352 s.
4. Bilgehan A. Goghdag, Salmas agzi, Ankara, Karam edition, 2007. – 261 s.
5. Damirchizadeh A.M. Language of “Dede Korkut” saga. Baku: 1967
6. Dmitriev N.K. “Structure of Turkish Languages”. Moscow: East Literature. 1962. – 607 s.
7. Calilov F.A. “Morphonology of Azerbaijan Language”. Baku: Maarif, 1988. – 285 s.
8. “Comparative – Historical Grammar of Turkish Languages. Morphology”. (E.R. Tenishev, V.D. Arakin, Q.F.Blaqova and etc.) Moscow: Science, 1988. – 560 s.
9. “Comparative Grammar of Oghuz Group Languages”. II part. Morphology. Baku: Science, 1986. – 134 s.
10. “Comparative Grammar Russian and Turkish Languages”. (Phonetics and Morphology.) Ashkhabad: “Turkm.nesh-ti”, 1964. –380 s.
11. “Essay of Dialects Turkman Language.” Ashgabat: Ilim, 1970. – 192 p.
12. Korkmaz Zeynep. “Researches About Turkish Language”. II c. Ankara: University of Ankara press. 2005. – 478 s.
13. Kanonov A.N. “Grammar of Modern Literary Turkish Language”. M.- L.: Izd – vo AN S.S.U
14. Mahmud Kashgari. “Divanü lüğat-it-türk” (Designer and Translator – R.Askar). I, II, III, IV Tome, Baku: “Ozan” 2006.
15. Mirzazadeh H. “Historical Grammar of Azerbaijan Language”. Baku, A.L.U. edition, 1990, 376 s.16. Muharrem Ergin. Turkish Language Knowledge. Sofiya: “Narodna prosveta”, 1967. – 388 s.
17. Nagir E.N. “Historical-comparative Dictionary of Turkish Languages”. XIV century. Moscow: Science, 1979. – 479 s.
18. Pocheluevski A.P. “Selected Works”. Ashkhabad. Ilim, 1975. –337 s.Sherbak A.M. “Essay of Comparative Morphology of Turkish Language”. Leningrad: Science. 1977. – 191 s.
19. Serebrennikov B.A. Haciyeva N.Z. “Comparative – Historical Grammar of Turkish Language”. Baku: Maarif. 1979. – 303 p.
20. Tenishev E.R. “Structure of Sarig-Uygur Languages”. Moscow, Science, 1976, 307 s.
21. Vekilov A.P. “Dialectology of Turkish Language”. Ch.I. University of Leningrad.1973, 102 s.
22. “Questions of dialectology of Turkish Languages”. T. IV. Baku: Science, 1966. – 236 s.
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Abstract: We describe managing virtual project team as a challenge because of its complexity and the potential risks. Through close investigation into a global virtual project (Project A) conducted by a multinational company (Organization X), we further explain why it is challenging to manage virtual team and how such challenge can be overcome by the management. Despite our report limitations, we think that although managing virtual project could be a turbulent experience, if managers are well prepared, it is still an option for organizations that are restrained by tightened budget and limited time provided.
Keywords: Project a, Organization X, managing, project
References:
1. Barry, EJ, Mukhopadhyay T & Slaughter, SA 2002, ‘Software project duration and effort: an empirical study’, Information Technology and Management, vol. 3, pp. 113-136.
2. Desanctis, G & Poole, MS 1994, ‘Capturing the complexity in advanced technology use: adaptive structuration theory’, Organization Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 121 -147.
3. Ebrahim, NA, Ahmed, S & Taha, Z 2009, ‘Virtual team: a literature review’, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol.3, no. 3, pp. 1-17.
4. Erik, M 2007, ‘Process and technology challenges in swift – starting virtual teams’, Information & Management, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 287 - 299.
5. Evaristoa, J, Scudderb, J, Desouzaa, K & Satoc, O 2004, ‘A dimensional analysis of geographically distributed project teams: a case study’, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol. 21, no 3, pp. 175 – 189.
6. Godar, SH & Ferris, SP 2004, Virtual and collaborative teams process, technologies and practice, Hershey.
7. Kirschner, PA & Bruggen, JV, 2004 ‘Learning and understanding in virtual teams’, CyberPsychology & Behaviour, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 135-139.
8. Lam, W, Chua, A, Williams, JB & Lee, C 2005, ‘Virtual teams: surviving or thriving?’, Proceedings of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp.4-7.
9. Lim, CS & Mohamed, MZ, ‘Criteria of project success: an exploratory re-examination’, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 243-248.
10. Macgregor, SP & Torres-Coronas, T 2007, Higher creativity for virtual teams developing platforms for co-creation, Hershey.
11. Majchrzak, A, Rice, RE, Malhotra, A & Ba, S 2000, ‘Computer-Mediated Inter-Organizational Knowledge-Sharing: Insights from a Virtual Team Innovating Using a Collaborative Tool’, Information Resources, Management Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 36-46.
12. Maryam A, Amrit T. 2002, ‘Knowledge Management’, America Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 53, no 12, pp. 1029 – 1037.
13. Mumbi, C & McGill T 2008, ‘An investigation of the role of trust in virtual project management success’, International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 64 – 82.
14. Patil, S, Kobsa, A, John, A & Seligmann, D 2011, ‘Methodological reflections on a field study of a globally distributed software project’, Information and Software Technology, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 969 – 980.
15. Powell, A, Piccoli, G & Ives B 2004, ‘Virtual teams: a review of current literature and directions for future research’, SIGMIS, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 6-36.
16. Reed, AH & Knight LV 2012, ‘Technology related risks on virtual software development projects’, Journal Information Technology Project Management, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
17. Reed, AH & Knight, LV 2010, ‘Project risk differences between virtual and co-located teams’, Journal of Computer Information Systems, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 19-31.
18. Sadan K. Konak, Clifford R. Maurer, & Daniel L. Lohin. 2010, Teaching Students How to Effectively Work in Virtual Teams, International Journal of Information Technology
Project Management, vol. 1, no, 2, pp. 61 – 78.
19. Shachaf, P 2008, ‘Cultural diversity and information and communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: An exploratory study’, Information & Management, vol. 45, no 2, pp. 131 – 142.
20. Shan, Y, McKay, RJ, Lokan, CJ & Essam, DL 2002, ‘Software project effort estimation using genetic programming’, Proceeding at IEEE 2002 International Conference on Communication, vol. 2, pp. 1108 -1112.
21. Shepperd, M & Schofield, C 1997, ‘Estimating software project effort using analogies’, IEEE Transactions of Software Engineering, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 736 – 743.
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Abstract: In this paper speed control of an Indirect Field Oriented Controlled (IFOC) Induction Motor with sliding mode controller has been developed and simulated. In this work the complete mathematical model of field oriented controlled Induction Motor and sliding mode controller is described and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. For studies a 1 HP (746w) squirrel cage type IM has been considered. The comparative study is done between PID controller and the sliding mode controller. The simulation results show that the proposed sliding mode controller (SMC) provides a good performance in the presence of external load disturbances.
Keywords: IFOC, IM, PID, SMC
References:
1. B.K.Bose, “Modern power electronics and ac Drives”, Prentice Hall,New Jercy ,2008.
2. F.Blashke,” The principle of field orientation as applied to the new transvector closed loop control system for rotating field machines Siemens Rev, Vol39, No.5, pp217-220,May 1972.
3. U.I.Utkin,”Sliding mode control design principles and applications toelectric drives”, IEEE transactions on industrial Electronics, vol 40, pp 26-36, 1993.
4. Lorenz R. D., & Lawson D. B. “A Simplified Approach to Continuous On-Line Tuning of Field-Oriented Induction Machine Drives”, IEEE transactions on industry applications, 26(3), 420-424,1990.
5. Bhim Singh, B. N. Singh, and B. P. Singh, “Performance Analysis of a Low Cost Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive: A Philosophy for Sensor Reduction”, IEEE IAS Annu. Meet. Conf. Rec., pp. 789-794, 1997.
6. H. S. Rajamani and R. A. McMahon, “Induction motor drives for domestic appliances,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 21-26, 1997.
7. Oscar Barambones, Patxi Alkorta, Jose Maria Gonzalez De Durana, “Sliding Mode Position Control for Real Time Control of Induction Motor”, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, Vol. 9 July 2013.
8. Jisha L K, Dr. A A Powly Thomas, “A comparative study on scalar and vector control of Induction motor drives”, International conference on circuits, Controls and Communications (CCUBE) ,2013.
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Abstract: Humans get most of their total information through eyes. Hence eyes contribute to a major part of the human’s life. So with the advancement in the technology of both the hardware and software a low cost smart stick can be made to make the life of the visually impaired people easier and more comfortable. This paper presents a system concept and model to provide a smart electronic aid for blind people. This system is intended to provide the blinds with an aid, so that they can travel or go from one place to other with ease, without the need of an assistant to assist them where ever they go. This system basically aims at making a visually impaired person independent and swifter. Generally, the visually impaired people use a stick to avoid collisions and to locate the obstacles that comes their way. But due to certain limitations these sticks prove to be less efficient and frequent injuries are caused to the blind. To reduce the chances of any such injuries to the blind, this stick can be installed with some electronics equipments that work together to help the blind by making his journey easier, more comfortable and less prone to injuries. This system designed mainly consists of sensors, microcontroller, voice recording IC, speakers, vibration circuitry and a GSM module. All these are fixed to the stick making it a smart stick. Sensors sensing any obstacle alert the blind either via vibration circuitry or via speakers (voice driving unit). Further whenever the blind finds himself in trouble or finds himself lost he can use a panic button and GSM module to convey it to his near and dear ones via a pre stored message indicating his situation. In this way he is just a push away from his family.
Keywords: GSM module, Microcontroller(AT 89S52), Sensors, Voice Recording IC.
References:
1. G.Gayathri, M.Vishnupriya, R.Nandhini, Ms.M.Banupriya. “Smart Walking Stick For Visually Impaired”. International Journal of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242 Volume 3 Issue 3 March, 2014.
2. M. Naveen Kumar, K. Usha. “Voice Based Guidance and Location Indication System for the Blind Using GSM, GPS and Optical Device Indicator”. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4 Issue7- July 2013.
3. Rishabh Gulati. “GPS Based Voice Alert System for the Blind”. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 2, Issue 1, January-2011.
4. Naseer Muhammad, Engr.Qazi Waqar Ali. “Design of Intelligent Stick Based on Microcontroller with GPS Using Speech IC”. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol.2, No.6, December 2012, pp. 781~784.
5. Nandhini.N, Vinoth chakkaravarthy.G, G.Deepa Priya. “Talking Assistance about Location Finding both Indoor and Outdoor for Blind People”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014.
6. Prof. A.Sakhare, Shruti Dambhare. “Smart stick for Blind: Obstacle Detection, Artificial vision and Real-time assistance via GPS”. 2nd National Conference on Information and Communication Technology (NCICT) 2011 Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA)
7. Arjun Sharma, Rahul Patidar, Shubham Mandovara, Ishwar Rathod. . “Blind Audio Guidance System”. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459 (Online), An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal,Volume 3, Special Issue 2, January 2013)
8. K.C. Nalavade, Fatema Bharmal, Trupti Deore, Ajay Patil. “Use of ultrasonic sensors, GPS and GSM technology to implement alert and tracking system for Blind Man”. International Conference of Advance Research and Innovation (ICARI-2014)
9. Gurubaran, Gowrishankar Kasilingam, Mritha Ramalingam, “A Survey of Voice Aided Electronic Stick for Visually Impaired People”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163Volume 1 Issue 8 (September 2014).
10. Shruti Dambhare and Prof. A.Sakhare, G.H.R.C.E. Nagpur, “Smart stick for Blind: Obstacle Detection, Artificial vision andReal-time assistance via GPS”, International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), No. 1, 31 – 33, 2011
11. Shantanu Gangwar , “Smart stick for Blind”, New Delhi, Sept. 26.
12. Rohit Sheth, Surabhi Rajandekar, Shalaka Laddha, Rahul Chaudhari. “Smart White Cane”. American journal of engineering research(AJER). Volume-03, Issue-10, PP-84-89.
13. Aplus Integrated Circuit Inc. datasheet of APR9600.
14. Atmel datasheet of AT89S52.
15. Datasheet of SIM900, “SIM900 The GSM/GPRS Module for M2M applications”.
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