Volume-4 Issue-10

S. No

Volume-4 Issue-10, March 2015, ISSN:  2278-3075 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

Nancyleni P. CHAVES, Danilo C. BEZERRA, Viviane C. S. COIMBRA, Ana L. ABREU-SILVA

Paper Title:

Risk Areas for the Insertion of Infectious Agents The Implementation of Geoprocessing in Epidemiology

Abstract:   The current study aimed at determining risk areas for the insertion of infectious agents by means of geoprocessing techniques. The study was conducted in the cities of Paço do Lumiar, Raposa, São José de Ribamar and São Luís, which are part of the Microregion of Urban Agglomeration in the State of Maranhão. In order to determine these risk areas, a geographic database was developed from the collection, storage and processing of data, using alphanumeric data (information from the questionnaire and data obtained from the State protection agency) and geographic data (georeferenced maps obtained from the protection agency and field research data from a GPS device). With this work, it was possible to identify and map risk areas by the determination of 35 points and 181 livestock properties at higher epidemiological risk. The identification, rating and mapping of these areas will help implementing a more efficient epidemiological surveillance system and show the importance of using geoprocessing in epidemiology.

Keywords:  Epidemiological Surveillance, Geotechnologies Infirmities, Maranhão.

References:
1.        OIE, “Código Sanitário para los Animales Terrestres”, 17nd ed. vol.1.  Organizácion Mundial de Sanidad Animal, Paris, 2011, pp. 343.
2.        S. S. Lima, “Modelagem estatística para o monitoramento de doenças de notificação compulsória”, Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, 2008, pp. 70.
3.        M.S. Green, Z. Kaufman. (2002, Jul). Surveillance for early detection and monitoring of infectious. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. [Online]. 4(7). pp. 503-506. Available: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12120460.
4.        Brasil, “Manual Técnico. Programa Nacional de Erradicação e Prevenção da Febre Aftosa”, SDA, DAS, Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brasília, 2007, pp. 49.
5.        E. Felisberto. (2004, Jul-Set). Monitoramento e avaliação na atenção básica: novos horizontes. Rev. Bras. Saúde Mat. Inf.  [Online]. 4(3). pp. 317-321. Available: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbsmi/v4n3/a12v04n3.pdf.
6.        Maranhão, “Procedimento operacional padrão para monitoramento dos possíveis pontos de introdução e/ou disseminação de enfermidades vesiculares e das propriedades pecuárias sob risco epidemiológico”. Coordenadoria de Defesa Animal, Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Maranhão, São Luis, 2009, pp.31.
7.        M. M. Tamada, T. A Souza Filho, D. F. B. Coelho, V. B Souza. (2009). Uso do sistema de informação geográfica como ferramenta auxiliar para tomada de decisão: aplicação à pecuária leiteira. In: Congresso Virtual Brasileiro de Administração. [Online].  VI Convibra. pp. 1-20. Available: http:// http://www.convibra.org/2009/artigos/238_0.pdf.
8.        C. Barcellos, W. Ramalho. (2002). Situação atual do geoprocessamento e da análise de dados espaciais em saúde no Brasil. Inform. Publica. [Online]. 4(2): pp. 221-230.  Available: http://www.escoladesaude.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/TEXTOS_CURSO_VIGILANCIA/ip0402barcellos.pdf.
10.     Caten, R. S. D. Dalmolin, F. A Pedron, M. L. Mendonça‑Santos. (2011). Estatística multivariada aplicada à diminuição do número de preditores no mapeamento digital do solo. Pesq. Agrop. Bras. [Online].  46(5): 554-562. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2011000500014.
11.     IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2011. Available: http://www. ibge.gov.com.br> Acesso 18 jan. 2013.
12.     Maranhão “Setor de Epidemiologia e Estatística, Coordenadoria de Defesa Animal, Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Maranhão”, São Luis, 2010.
13.     M. R Pfuetzenreiter, A. Zylbersztajn. (2008, Dez). Percepções de estudantes de medicina veterinária sobre a atuação na área da saúde: um estudo baseado na ideia de “estilo de pensamento” de Ludwik Fleck. Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva. [Online]. 13.  pp.2105-2114. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232008000900015
14.     R. A. Medronho, G. L. Werneck “Epidemiologia”. In: R. A. Medronho, D. M. Carvalho, K. V. Bloch, R. R. Luiz, G. L. Wernech. (Ed.). Técnicas de Análise Espacial em Saúde. São Paulo: Editora Atheneu, 2006. pp. 427-446.
15.     Brasil, “Manual de padronização sobre organização das informações sobre estrutura dos órgãos executores de defesa agropecuária, emissão e controle de Guia de Trânsito Animal (GTA) e constituição e manutenção de cadastro de propriedades rurais, exploração pecuária e produtor rural”. SDA, DAS, Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brasília. 2009, pp. 31.

1-6

2.

Authors:

Anagha Sudhakaran, Manu Prasad

Paper Title:

Edge Texture Analysis for Image Retrieval Application with Aid of Robust Object Recognition

Abstract: It is a new approach in extension with local binary pattern and ternary pattern called DRLBP and DRLTP. By using these methods, the category recognition system will be developed for application to image retrieval. The category recognition is to classify an object into one of several predefined categories. The discriminative robust local binary pattern (DRLBP) and discriminative robust local ternary pattern (DRLTP) are used for different object texture and edge contour feature extraction process.  It is robust to illumination and contrast variations as it only considers the signs of the pixel differences. The features retain the contrast information of image patterns. They contain both edge and texture information which is desirable for object recognition. The DRLBP discriminates an object like the object surface texture and the object shape formed by its boundary. The boundary often shows much higher contrast between the object and the background than the surface texture. Differentiating the boundary from the surface texture brings additional discriminatory information because the boundary contains the shape information. These features are useful to distinguish the maximum number of samples accurately and it is matched with already stored image samples for similar category classification. The simulated results will be shown that used DRLBP and DRLTP has better discriminatory power and recognition accuracy compared with prior approaches.

Keywords:   Histograms of equivalent patterns (HEP), Local binary pattern (LBP), Local ternary pattern (LTP), Robust Local binary pattern (RLBP), Robust Local ternary pattern (RLTP)

References:
1.       Amit Satpathy,Xudong Jiang, Senior Member, “ LBP-Based Edge-Texture Features for Object Recognition”,  IEEE,   and How-Lung Eng, Member, IEEE, IEEE transactions on image processing, vol. 23, no. 5,  may 2014
2.       T. Ahonen, A. Hadid, and M. Pietikainen, “Face description with localbinary patterns: Application to face recognition,” IEEE Trans.  Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2037–2041, Dec. 2006.
3.       H. Bay, A. Ess, T. T uytelaars, and L. J. V. Gool, “Speeded-up robust features (surf),” Comput. Vis. Image Understand., vol. 110, no. 3,pp. 346–359, 2008.
4.       S. Agarwal, A. Awan, and D. Roth, “Learning to detect objects  in  images via a sparse, part-based representation,”     IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach.Intell., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1475–1490, Nov. 2004.
5.       C. Papageorgiou and T. Poggio, “A trainable system for object  detection,” Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 15–    33, Jun.2000.
6.       ] B. Caputo, E. Hayman, and P. Mallikarjuna, “Class-specific material categorisation,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput.Vis., vol. 2. Oct. 2005, pp. 1597–1604.
7.       J. Chen et al., “WLD: A robust local image descriptor,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1705–1720, Sep. 2010.
8.       [8]  N. Dalal and B. Triggs, “Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., Jun. 2005, pp. 886–893.
9.       P. Viola, M. J. Jones, and D. Snow, “Detecting pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance,” Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 63, no. 2,pp. 153–161, 2005
10.    K. Levi and Y. Weiss, “Learning object detection from a small number of examples: The importance of good features,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., vol. 2. Jun. 2004, pp. 53–60.
11.    O.Boiman, E. Shechtman, and M. Irani, “In defense of   nearest-neighbor based image classification,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis.Pattern Recognit., Jun. 2008, pp. 1–8.

7-11

3.

Authors:

Werda Alam

Paper Title:

The Chemical Evolution of Mankind: The Challenges of Drug Development

Abstract:  Species’ have been evolving for the past 2.7 billion years. In order to do this they have had to adapt to their environment and find a means of survival. Even now this is the case for us, except we humans are at a time where we "evolve" chemically though the usage of drugs.

Keywords: Species, environment, survival, humans, evolve chemically, drugs.

References:
1.    Structure-Activity Studies of Glucose Transfer: Determination of the Spontaneous Rates of Hydrolysis of Uridine 5'-Diphospho- a -D-glucose (UDPG) and Uridine 5'-Diphospho- a -D-glucuronic acid (UDPGA). C T Bedford, A D Hickman, and C J Logan, Bio-Org. Med. Chem., 11, 2339-2345 (2003)
2.    McDowall, Jennifer. "Cytochrome P450." Cambridgeshire: 2006. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2006_10/Page1.htm>.

12-12

4.

Authors:

Hemraj R. Kumavat, Ganesh V. Tapkire

Paper Title:

Application of Remote Sensing in Coastal Region – Case Study

Abstract:   The coastal sea shore line presents serious problems to land use due to flooding, erosion, pollution, and emerging threat posed by rising sea level due to tidal currents. All these require constant monitoring and preventive measure in order to control economy. There are various methods in practice to monitor the coastal processes via, aerial survey, bathymetric mapping, land use and land cover mapping by remote sensing. In this research paper, the changes in the coastal environment and shoreline behavior in Vasai creek are analyzed by using remotely sensed digital data. Visual interpretation of water quality and study the dispersion of polluted water of sea shore line. The land form features changes were quantified by unsupervised classification technique and which will be vital information for coastal planning for development works. The coastal sea shore line of Vasai creek was observed in year of Jan 1999 and Feb 2001 had undergone some significant change in the area of human settlement, salty land and barren land. There was small increase in the area of human settlement; decrease in salty and barren land was observed. The Pollution influx of Mahim creek and Malad creeks were observed. After studied all results the shoreline of Vasai creek was fairly stable.

Keywords:  Remote Sensing DATA, Satellite imagery.

References:
1.       Banner A.V. Al, 1981, “Multi Temporal Analysis of LANDSAT Data for Forest Cut Over Mapping- A Trail Of Two Procedures, Proc. of the Seventh Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing held in Winnipeg in 1981,pp, 233-240.
2.       Byrne G.F., Et Al., 1980, Monitoring land cover change by principal component analysis of multi temporal LANDSAT Data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 10 Pp, 175-184.
3.       Huly Yildirim, 1995, Temporal change detection by principal component analysis on satellite imagery.IEEE,2/95,pp.1227-1229.
4.       Nelson R.F., 1983, Detecting forest canopy change due to insect activity using LANDSAT MSS, Photographic and Remote Sensing, 49,pp, 1303-1314.
5.       Nayak S.R. et.Al, 1985, Coastal morphology: a case study of Gulf of Khambat, International Journal Of Remote Sensing. Vol 6, pp 559-567.
6.       Singh A, 1986, Change detection in tropical forest environment of North Eastern India using LADNSAT , In Remote Sensing and Tropical land management, Edited by M. J. Eden & J. T. Parry, (London John Wiley & Sons),Pp. 56, 1995
7.       IAF, space for education, Health Care & Environment Monitoring, special plenary session, International Astronautically Federation, 46th Congress, Oslo, Norwey,Pp.56, 1995.
8.       NRSA, Manual of nationwide land use/ land cover mapping using satellite imagery Part1, Pp. 58, 1989.
9.       L Rao, K.M, Remote sensing for land use  planning, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol 16, No. 1, 53-60, 1995.
10.    Change detection of wasteland using remote sensing and GIS, an interim report, CSRE IIT , BOMABAY, 1996.
11.    Gazetteer of India, Maharashtra State, Thane District, Published by Gazetteer Department, Government Of Maharashtra, Bombay 1982.
12.    Lillesand T.M. Kiefer R.W. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons Inc. Publication, 1986.
13.    Manual of procedure for wasteland mapping using remote sensing techniques, National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Government of India,
Hydrabad,1986.
14.    Chandramohan P, Kumar M. Nayak B.U. And Anand N.M. “ Wave atlas for the Indian coast, ocean engineering division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa. 1990.
15.    Vaa Zuidam, R.A., Aerial photo interpretation in terrian analysis and geomorphological mapping, 1995

13-16

5.

Authors:

Ganesh V. Tapkire, Hemraj R. Kumavat

Paper Title:

Effects of Time Laps Affects the Compressive Strength of Cement

Abstract:    In regular Practice delay in Plastering due to various reasons like material availability, labour recess time, or unskilled labour workmanship due to other activity improper plastering sequence. For usually long delay during plastering the mortar should be kept alive by periodically it keep to mortar workable this study gives the strength data simulating such improper plastering sequence to scope this problem related to improper plastering sequence which ultimately result in formation of joints. And joint portion in regular plastering practice no any other treatment or method can used in ordinary construction method. For this study point of view we prepare the cement cube at laboratory in same manner as per the site condition. And conduct test from this result shows the effects of delay in workmanship and joint affects the strength of cement.

Keywords:   Time laps, Mortar Joint, Improper plastering sequence (cement slurry) compressive strength of cement.

References:
1.       Bazid Khan and Bulent Bardan “The effect of sugar on setting time of various type of cement “science vision Vol.89(1) July september 2002 pp 71-78.
2.       Grant T.Halvrson Randall W.Poston “Joint in concrete construction “ American Concrete Institute ACI 224.3R,Augest1,1995.
3.       Bazid Khan and Muhammad Ullah “Effects of retarding Admixture on the setting time of cement pastes in hot water”JKAU Eng Sci.Vol.15 no.1 2004 pp 63-79.
4.       Amish N.R., Prof. H.S.Vidyadhara, and Prof. C. Sashidhar, "Effect of improper casting sequence on compressive strength", Indian concrete journal, January 2012, pp 30-40.
5.       N.L. Thomas and J.D. Brichall, "The retarding action of sugars on cement hydration, Cement and concrete research", Vol. 13, 12 April 1983, pp. 830-840.
6.       Min-Cheol han, Cheon-Goo Han “Use of maturity methods to estimate the setting time of concrete containing super retarding agents” 20 November 2009,Elsevier,pp164-172.
7.       Alou Elijah Alabama, "Effects of Sugar on Physical Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement Paste and Concrete", Vol AU J.T. 14(3), January 2011, pp 225-228.
8.       David M. Suchorski and James A. Farny, "Chemical admixtures for concrete"ACI Education Bulletin E4-03, American Concrete   Institute, Prepared under the direction and supervision of ACI Committee E-701, 2003, E4-96.
9.       Amish N.R., Prof. H.S.Vidyadhara, and Prof. C. Sashidhar, "Effect of improper casting sequence on compressive strength", Indian concrete journal, January 2012, pp 30-40

17-19

6.

Authors:

Jaimik Vaghela, Akshay Sharma, Harsh Sharma

Paper Title:

Generation of Variable Step up DC Voltage Using Marx Generator Circuitry

Abstract: The Generation of self-supplied variable step up DC voltage proposed is originates from conventional Marx generators. This recently developed Marx generator circuit employs high voltage (HV) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) as switches and series connected diodes as isolated components. Optic coupler are use to isolate and protect the damaging of low voltage deices from HV circuit. Project Results of 10 stages having pulses of 12v, 10ms and 50Hz are accustomed in project. The switching of MOSFET will be done and controlled by matrix keyboard and programmed microcontroller such that, we can get variable step up DC voltage. This topology of the circuit generates pulses with fast rise time and allows easy variable step-up output voltage. In addition, as there is use of microcontroller the circuit is capable to adjust positive or negative pulse Width, dead-time between two pulses.

Keywords:   MOSFET, microcontroller, step up DC voltage, self-supplied, Marx generator, solid-state devices, High voltage pulses.

References:
1.    Yifan Wu, Kefu Liu, Jian Qiu, XiaoXu Liu and Houxiu Xiao “Repetitive and High Voltage Marx Generator Using solid-state Devices” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 14, No. 4; August (2007).
2.    M S Naidu and V Kamaraju “High Voltage Engineering” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited (1995).
3.    Allan R. Hambley “Electrical Engineering- Principle and Application” Pearson Education, Inc. (1997).
4.    P.S Bimbhra “Power Electronic” Khanna Publishers ISBN – 8174092153.

20-24

7.

Authors:

S. K. Abdul Siddique, K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy

Paper Title:

Theoretical Investigation on Combustion Chamber Geometry of DI Diesel Engine to Improve the Performance by Using Diesel-RK

Abstract:  Diesel engines are prime sources to generate power in transportation industrial sectors. Limited petroleum reserves and stringent environmental norms are the two parameters to influence the diesel engine usage in this field. In diesel engines, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber and mixed with the compressed air. Proper mixing of fuel and air is important to produce controlled burn rate. Combustion chamber geometry is the key element in air fuel mixing process. In the present research paper, an attempt is made to simulate the critical combustion and put efforts to optimize the combustion chamber geometry. Diesel –RK is one of the computational fluid dynamics software specifically developed for internal combustion engine simulations. In the present study, single cylinder, four stroke direct ignition diesel engine and Diesel-RK software are considered for investigation.

Keywords: DI Diesel engine, combustion chamber, Diesel-RK, Simulation

References:
1.       Umakant V.Kongre, Vivek K.Sunnapwar, 2010, “CFD modelling and Experimental Validation of Combustion in Direct Ignition Engine with Diesel” International journal of applied engineering, Dindigul, Volume 1, No 3, pp 508-517.
2.       F.Payri, J.Benajes, X.Margot,A.Gil, “CFD modeling of the in-cylinder flow in direct-injection Diesel engines” computers & Fluids 33 (2004) 995-1021
3.       Mohamed F. Al-Dawody, “effect of soybean oil biofuel Blending on the performance And emissions of diesel engine using diesel-rk software” International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), Vol. 3 No. 6 June 2011, pp 4539-4555
4.       Alper, B., “Injection angle effect on performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine”, The Journal of Macro Trends in Energy and Sustainability, Vol. 1(1), 2013.
5.       Mohd, N.N., “Simulation and environmental assessment of compression ignition engine powered by neat biodiesels of different origin”, Indian journal of Science and Technology, Vol.5(7), 2012.
6.       Hamdan, M.A., Khalil, R.H., “simulation of compression engine powered by biofuel”, Energy conversion and management, Vol.51, pp.1714-18, 2010.
7.       Mohd, N.N., Yarasu. R.B., Yamin, J., “simulation of CI Engine powered by vegetable oil under variable fuel inlet temperature”, Indian journal of science and technology, Vol.3(4), pp.387-92, 2010.
8.       Sheet, E.A Eh, Yamin, J., “Improvement of an SI engine performance using modified Al-Doura pool gasoline formulae: Simulation Study”, Arab J Sci. Eng., Vol.38, pp-2855-64, 2013.

25-28

8.

Authors:

Shankar B, Chidambara Swamy

Paper Title:

Listing and Grading of Heritage Buildings in Mysore City

Abstract:   Cultural heritage is a legacy of physical artefacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. Physical or "tangible cultural heritage" includes buildings and historic places, monuments, artefacts, etc., that are considered worthy of preservation for the future. Mysore is one of the important cultural heritage cities in India. It has many built heritage structures to include monuments, heritage buildings, and heritage areas. A very few buildings have been identified by the State Archaeology Department and Mysore Urban Development Authority.  The majority of the unlisted buildings are undergoing a tremendous pressure for demolition, structural transformation and decay due to absence of clear cut guidelines from the planning authority. Therefore, there is a need for identifying for protection, conservation and regulating them.  The paper presents the framework for listing and grading of heritage buildings in for effective protection, conservation and management the City of Mysore.

Keywords: Heritage Buildings, Listing, Grading, culture

References:
1.       Chidambara Swamy and Dr. B. Shankar, Conservation Strategies for Heritage City: Mysore, Vol.3, No.5, International Journal on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJRTET), May 2010.
2.       Chidambara Swamy and  B. Shankar, “Policy Measures for Improving the Imageability in the City of Mysore”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.2, Issue.2, Mar-Apr 2012 pp-134-138.
3.       Chidambara Swamy and  B. Shankar, “Heritage Resources and Architecture Styles : Mysore City”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.2, Issue.2, Mar-Apr 2012 pp-139-143.
4.       Government of India, Heritage Tool Kit for Preparation of City Development Plan under JNNURM, Ministry of Urban Development, New  Delhi, November 2006.
5.       Lynch Kevin (1991), The Image of the City, Mc Graw-Hill, New York.
6.       Kamataka Town and Country Planning Act. 1961. Department of Town Planning. Govt. of Karnataka, 2006.
7.       Report on JNNURM by STUP Consultants Pvt. Ltd. for Department of Tourism, Karnataka on Heritage and Urban renewal of Heritage core under J.N.NURM Scheme detailed
8.       Shankar B and Chidambara Swamy, “Creating Awareness for Heritage Conservation in the City of Mysore: Issues and Policies”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research www.ijmer.com Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-698-703
9.       Shankar B and Shashikumar M.C, “Strategies for Reinvigorating the Urban Heart of Mysore” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), www.ijmer.com Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-692-697

29-33

9.

Authors:

VA Kulkarni, B.B. Ahuja

Paper Title:

Statistical Performance Analysis of Zirconia-Dolerite Ball Plate for Dimensional Stability

Abstract:    A novel artifact zirconia-dolerite ball plate is developed for interim check of coordinate measuring machine. Artifact contains 52 balls and distances between balls are used for analysis of measuring volume of CMM. Statistical performance analysis is explained in this paper. Stability of Ball plate is explored through cross correlation. The resultant corroleogram depicts that the ball plate can be used for 11 months without recalibration or rechecking for dimensional stability.    

Keywords: Artifact, Ball Plate, Run Test, Cross Correlation

References:
1.       D. Acosta, J. Velazquez, J.A. Albajez, J.A. Yague, M.A. Lope,  Machine Tool Verification according to machine configuration, The Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference, MESIC 2013, Procedia Engineering 63 (2013) 700-709
2.       P. Ramu, J.A. Yague, R.J. Hocken, J. Miller, Development of Parametric Model and Virtual Machine to estimate task specific measurement uncertainty for a five-axis multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine, Precision Engineering 35 (2011), 431-439
3.       Soichi Ibaraki, Takafumi Hata, A new formulation of laser step diagonal measurement-Three-dimension case, Precision Engineering 34(2010), 516-525
4.       Ryoshu Furutani, Ken Shimojima, Kiyoshi Takamasu, Kinematical Calibration of Articulated CMM using Multiple Simple Artefacts, XVII IMEKO World Congress Metrology in the 3rd Millenium, June 22-27, 2003, Dubrovnik, Croatia
5.       Pawel J Swornowski, A critical look at the coordinate measuring technique, Mechatronics 23(2013), 80-93
6.       Diego Rodriguez-Ibanez, Jose Alonso, Juan Antonio Quiroga, Squareness error calibration of a CMM for quality control of ophthalmic lenses, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 68 (2013), 487-493
7.       K Bala Murugan, Manish Kumar, B Ashok, B Hari Prasad and Arjun Vedadri, Uncertainty Budget Evaluation of High Precision Length Measuring Equipment, Manufacturing Technology Today (2012), 26-30
8.       PK Sharma, LS Gourani and V Sreeraj, Calibration of Measuring Equipment and Machines, Manufacturing Technology Today (2012), 19-26
9.       SN Ravi Kumar, Sachin Pawar, Effect of Environmental Conditions on Measurement Accuracy Using Shop-Floor CMM’s, Manufacturing Technology Today (2012), 13-18
10.    BS Kumar, SR Vijaykumar, Measurement Capability Assurance Through Identification and Compensation of Hidden Error, Manufacturing Technology Today (2012), 27-30
11.    Francesco Aggogeri, Giulio Barbato, Emanuele Modesto Barini, Gianfranco Genta, Measurement uncertainty assessment of Coordinate Measuring Machines by Simulation and Planned Experimentation, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 4(2011), 51-56
12.    P. Ramu, J.A. Yague, R.J. Hocken, J. Miller, Development of Parametric Model and Virtual Machine to estimate task specific measurement uncertainty for a five-axis multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine, Precision Engineering 35 (2011), 431-439
13.    S. Parkinson, A. P. Longstaff, A. Crampton, S. Fletcher, G. Allen, A. Myers, Representing the process of Machine Tool Calibration in First-order-Logic, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Automation and Computing (2011), Chinese Automation and Computing Society, Huddersfield, UK
14.    Tadej Tasic, Bojan Acko, Integration of a Laser Interferometer and a CMM into a measurement system for measuring internal dimensions, Measurement 44(2011), 426-433
15.    Yusuke Asano, Ryoshu Furutani and Miyo Ozaki, Verification of Interim Check Method of CMM, International Journal of Automation Technology 5(2011), 115-117
16.    Abdelhak Nafi, J.R.R. Mayer, Adam Wozniak, Novel CMM-based implementation of the multi-step method for the separation of machine and probe errors, Precision Engineering 35(2011), 318-328
17.    Soichi Ibaraki, Takafumi Hata, A new formulation of laser step diagonal measurement-Three-dimension case, Precision Engineering 34(2010), 516-525
18.    S. Carmignato, A. Voltan, E.Savio, Metrological Performance of Optical Coordinate Measuring Machines under Industrial Conditions, CIRP Annals- Manufacturing Technology 59 (2010), 497-500
19.    Sergey Kosarevsky, Practical Way to measure large-scale 2D parts using repositioning on coordinate-measuring machines, Measurement43(2010)837-841
20.    Jonathan Beaman, Edward Morse, Experimental Evaluation of Software estimates of task specific measurement uncertainty for CMMs, Precision Engineering 34(2010) 28-33
21.    Antonio Pratelli-filho, Glauber Roberto Lesnau, Virtual Spheres gauge for coordinate measuring arms performance test, Measurement 43 (2010) 236-244
22.    S Barman, Dr. R. Sen, Monitoring Performance of CNC Coordinate Measuring Machine by Laser Interferometry Technique and Error Compensation, Journal  of the Institution of Engineers (India) 91 (2010), 3-8
23.    Salah H.R. Ali, Probing system characteristics in Coordinate Metrology, Measurement Science Review 10 (2010), 120-129
24.    Ryoshu Furutani, Self Calibration of 2D planar coordinate measuring machine, XIX IMEKO world congress, Fundamental and Applied Metrology (2009), Liston, Portugal, 1966-1970
25.    T.Liebrich, B. Bringmann, W. Knapp, Calibration of 3D-ball plate, Precision Engineering 339 (2009), 1-6
26.    H.Schwenke, W. Knapp, H. Haitjema, A. Weckenmann, Geometric error measurement and compensation of machines- An update, CIRP Annals- Manufacturing Technology 57 (2008) 660-675

30-37

10.

Authors:

Anthony Nkem Ede, Peace Feyiyemi Adepoju, Paul Oluwaseun Awoyera

Paper Title:

Challenges of Car Pack Design in Nigeria

Abstract:     Problems of parking space in urban towns and in all places of large congregation is becoming a common issue around the world. Over the years engineers and architects have come up with a lot of solutions finding a way to create more parking spaces within minimum size of land by the design and construction of multi-storey car parks. This is line with the trend in modern cities all over the world of developing high-rise buildings as to overcome the challenges of urban over population, for optimal use of scarce land resources, as status symbol, etc. Standing on the advances made so far and the frequent problematics verified on existing multi-storey car parks, this research presents the design of a multi-storey car park for the mitigation of traffic challenges in public areas using Canaan land, Ota Nigeria as a case study. Canaan land, the seat of Faith Tabernacle in Ota, Ogun State of Nigeria is used as a case study because of the amount of vehicles that compete for parking space on Sundays or on other days of events. The research consists of the creation of the architectural drawings of the multi-storey car park with AutoCAD drafting and the modelling, structural analysis and design using the software Orion R16. The structural analysis and design were challenging but good results were obtained, approach for more innovative multi-storey car park identified.

Keywords: Design, Multi-Storey Car Park, Structural Analysis, Traffic Challenges, Urbanization.

References:
1.       S.B. Osuba, Appraisal of Parking Problems and Traffic Management Measures in Central Business District in Lagos, Nigeria, Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 5, No. 8, (2012). (2012); accessed on 3rd Oct, 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v5n8p105.
2.       A.N. Ede, Challenges Affecting the Development and Optimal Use of Tall Buildings in Nigeria, The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES), 3(4), Pages 12-20, 2014.
3.       Wikipedia, “Multi Storey Car Park”[Online];  accessed on 2nd Oct, 2013; http://www.Wikipedia.com; (2009). 
4.       A.N. Ede, O.M. Olofinnade, O. Joshua, Experimental Investigation of Yield Strengths of Steel Reinforcing Bars Used in Nigerian Concrete Structures, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2014, 5(4).
5.       D. Pike, C.K. Jolly, M. Pundsack, J.N. Stewart and W. Whapples, Design recommendations for multi-storey and underground car parks; Published by the Institution of Structural Engineers; 4th Edition; London, UK, (2011).
6.       W. Carl, H. Timothy, Parking Planning; Published by American Institute of Architects; 2nd Edition, (2006).
7.       M.D. Khairunnur, L. Nuur L, Multi-storey Car Parking; accessed on 2nd Oct, 2013; http://www.scribd.com/mobile/ doc/2194924? Width.
8.       K. Milton, Steel-framed Car Parks; Published by Corus Construction & Industrial; Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, 2004.
9.       C. Arya, Design of Structural Elements: Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry, and Timber Designs to British Standards and Euro codes, (3rd Edition; Taylor & Francis, London, 2009).
10.    K. Leet and D. Bernal, Reinforced Concrete Design; the Mc Graw-Hill Companies Inc., New York, 3rd Edition, pp.1 – 36. (1997).
11.    W. Chen, The Civil Engineering Handbook, Published by CRC Press LLC; 2nd Edition; Boca Raton (1999).
12.    BS 8110-1, Structural use of concrete — Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction, 1997.
13.    T.J. MacGinley, B.S. Choo, Reinforced Concrete Design; Published by E &FN Spon; 2nd Edition; London, (1990).
14.    W.H. Mosley, Reinforced Concrete Design- Theory and. Chapman & Hall Inc: London, (1999).
15.    BS 6399-1: 1996: Loading for buildings – Part 1: Code of practice for dead and imposed loads. London: BSI, 1996.
16.    BS 6399-2: 1997: Loading for buildings – Part 2: Code of practice for wind loads. London: BSI, 1997.
17.    Peace Feyiyemi Adepoju, 2014, Design of a Multi-Storey Car Park (a Proposal for Canaan Land), Unpublished final year student project     Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.

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11.

Authors:

V. S. Malunjkar, P. Balakrishnan, S. K. Deshmukh, S. B. Dugad

Paper Title:

Energy Efficiency of Banana (Musa sp.) Crop under Different Irrigation Methods

Abstract: The field experiment was carried out with drip method of irrigation (DMI) and conventional method of irrigation (CMI) at 100 per cent Evapotranspiration (ET)  at two locations in Jalgaon district of Maharashtra during 2009-’10. The irrigation water requirement of the banana crop was noticed minimum in DMI compared to CMI treatment indicating 35.14 and 29.24 per cent water saving and 38.96 and 33.41 per cent electricity saving in experimental and farmer’s fields, respectively. Early flowering and harvesting was noticed with reduction in growth period in DMI against CMI. The banana yields in DMI were (72.6 and 67.4 t/ha) higher against CMI (59.1 and 52.5 t/ha) under experimental and farmer’s fields, respectively. In DMI about 32.70 and 29.99 per cent input energy savings and 19.73 and 14.09 per cent increase in output energy were noticed against CMI. Also, the higher energy efficiency of 13.5 and 12 was noticed in DMI as compared to CMI (7.6 and 7.4). In both the fields, 17.01 and 20.36 per cent higher BC ratios were recorded in DMI (2.27 and 2.01) over CMI (1.94 and 1.67). In both the fields, additional benefit of 2,125 and 1,870 Rs./ha could be obtained by getting more carbon credits due to use of drip irrigation. The potential of carbon credits then projected over 5,000 ha area under banana crop in Jalgaon district. The present study reveals that drip irrigation has a definite role in minimizing the energy use in terms of water and electricity as well as reducing the impacts of climate change in Indian agriculture.

Keywords: Drip irrigation, energy consumption, CO2 emission and carbon credits.

References:
1.     R. K. Sivanappan, “To overcome the demand for water.” Kisan World. 2005, 32(8), p: 47.
2.     S. V. Westarp, S. Chieng, and H.Schreier, “A comparison between low-cost drip irrigation, conventional drip irrigation, and hand watering in Nepal.” Agric. Water Mgmt., 2004, 64, p: 143-160.
3.     S. S. Magar, N. N. Firke and J. R. Kadam, “Importance of drip irrigation.” Sinchan, 1988, 7(2), p: 61–62.
4.     Narayanamoorthy, “Micro-irrigation and electricity consumption linkages in Indian agriculture: a field based study.” Int. Conf. linkages between Energy and Water Management for Agriculture in Developing Countries, Hyderabad, India, 29-30 Jan. 2007.
5.     Rekha Krishnan, “India’s energy security: imperatives for change.” Energy Sec. Insights, 2009, 4(4), p: 2.
6.     BERI, “Biomass Energy for Rural India”, 2007, Available: http://nitpu3.kar.nic.in/bioenergyindia.
7.     S. Singh and V. K. Mittal, “Energy requirement for cultivation of major crops of Punjab. Proc. Energy Agric. Indian Soc. Agric. Engg., 1989, pp: 90-94.
8.     CEA, “All India Electricity Statistics-general review”. Central Electricity Authority, Government of India, New Delhi. 2008.
9.     Gold Standards, Version 2, “Premium quality carbon credits”, 2009, Available: abwww.cdmgoldstandard.org/gsv2_toolkit.pdf.10.  K. Saini, K. P. Sharma, K. P. Pant, and D. R. Thakur, “Energy management for sustainability of hill agriculture: A case of Himachal Pradesh.” Indian J. Agric. Econ., 1998, 53(3), p: 223-239.
11.  S. Shahin, A. Jafari, H. Mobli, S. Rafiee, and M. Karimi, “ Effect of farm size on energy ratio for wheat production: A case study from Ardabil Province of Iran.” American-Eurasian J. Agric. and Environ. Sci., 2008, 3(4): 604-608.

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12.

Authors:

S. Thulasi Prasad, S. Varadarajan

Paper Title:

Assessment of Heart Rate Variability using Independent Component Analysis

Abstract:  According World Health Organisation reports, it is understood that cardiovascular diseases are increasing at an alarming rate and becoming main cause for more deaths.  The early detection of cardiac related deceases is essential to save a patient from death. The ECG signal plays a key role in the early detection and diagnosis. In recent years there have been wide-ranging studies on Heart rate variability in ECG signals and Digital Signal Processing is becoming as an essential and effective pedagogical approach to solve a problem of detecting selected arrhythmia conditions from a patient’s electrocardiograph (ECG) signals. Normally the Heart rate variability is studied based on RR interval and used analyse the sympathetic-parasympathetic autonomic stability, the risk of unpredicted cardiac death. Even there are several methods to analsye the ECG signal, the Blind Source Separation (BSS) approach is very useful and successful in extracting a cleaned ECG signal from a ECG which is mutilated badly by noise. The BSS approach, it is intended to estimate a set of underlying source signals of physiological activity from the sole observation of unknown mixtures of the sources. In this paper, first we addressed Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to remove noise and artifacts from ECGs.  In the second step the noise free ECG signal is reconstructed from desired Independent Components. Finally QRS complexes, R peaks, RR intervals, and HR were found using suitable algorithms and performed a statistical analysis to finding HR Variability (HRV). This method is tested on ECG signals from in MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database.

Keywords:  Arrhythmia, AV node, ECG, HRV, ICA, MATLAB, QRS, RR interval, SA node.

References:
1.       N. Goldschlager , “Principles of Clinical electrocardiography”, 13th edition, ISBN 978-083-8579-510, Connecticut, USA.
2.       J.R. Hampton, “The ECG Made Easy”, International Edition (English), 8th Edition, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
3.       Naiit-Ali and C. Cavaro-Menard, “Compression of biomedical images and signals”, ISTE-WILEY, 2008.
4.       Phlypo R, Zarzoso V, Lemahieu I, “Exploiting independence measures in dual spaces with application to atrial f-wave extraction in the ECG”. In: Proc. MEDSIP-2008, 4th International Conference on Advances in Medical, Signal and Information Processing, Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy, 2008
5.       Zarzoso V, Comon P, “Robust independent component analysis for blind source separation and extraction with application in electrocardiography”, In: Proc. EMBC-2008, 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3344–3347, 2008.
6.       Zarzoso V, Nandi A.K, “Noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram extraction: blind separation versus adaptive noise cancellation”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 48(1):12–18, 2001.
7.       Huy Nguyen and Rong Zheng, “Binary Independent Component Analysis With or Mixtures”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 59, Issue 7, July 2011, pp. 3168–3181.
8.       J. Parák, and J. Havlík, “ECG Signal Processing and Heart Rate Frequency Detection Methods”, In Proceedings of Technical Computing Prague, 2011.
9.       M. Jannett T.C. Jadallah M.A., Yates S.L. Quint S.R. Troynagle H. “A comparison of the noise sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms”, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng, 37:85–98, 1990.
10.    P. S. Hamilton, W. J. Tompkins, “Quantitative Investigation of QRS Detection Rules Using MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol.31, No.3, March 2007, pp. 1157-1165, ISSN 0018-9294.
11.    J. Pan, and W. J. Tompkins, “A Real-Time QRS Detection Algorithm”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 32(3): 230-2, 1985.
12.    Aapo Hyvärinen, Erkki Oja, “Helsinki Independent Component Analysis”, University of Technology Laboratory of Computer and Information Science , Available: http://www. http://cis.legacy.ics.tkk.fi/aapo/papers/IJCNN99_tutorialweb/IJCNN99_tutorial3.html

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13.

Authors:

P. Thangaraj, P. Balasubramanie

Paper Title:

A Survey on QoS Based Service Composition for Service Oriented Architecture

Abstract:   Due to the tremendous growth in web services, Service Composition is a challenging problem due to the availability of composite services. Service selection is also a major factor that is to be considered during the retrieval of the service. These are influenced by functional and non functional parameters. The functional parameters include the integrity, behavior, fault tolerant service, etc. The non functional parameters include the efficiency, execution cost, time; availability; reputation and reliability are termed as QoS attributes. The various algorithms for composition include the heuristics and non heuristics. The problem formulated has to produce an optimized service composition and to select the efficient service that integrates and satisfies the needs of the end user.

Keywords:   web Service; Quality of Service; functional parameters; non functionl parameters; algorithm; Service Composition

References:
1.        Mardukhi, F., NematBakhsh, N., Zamanifar, K., Barati A.: QoS decomposition for service composition using genetic algorithm. In: Applied Soft Computing, Volume 13, Issue 7, pp. 3409--3421.
2.        Wei Z., Junhao W., Min G., Junwei L.: A QoS preference-based algorithm for service composition in service-oriented network. In: Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol. 124, Issue 20, pp. 4439--4444.
3.        Curbera F., Duftler M., Khalaf R., Nagy W., Mukhi N., Weerawarana S.. "Unraveling the Web services web: an introduction to SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI," Internet Computing, IEEE, Vol. 6, pp. 86-93, 2002
4.        Küster, U., H. Lausen, and B. König-Ries, Evaluation of Semantic Service Discovery—A Survey and Directions for Future Research. Emerging Web Services Technology, 2008. 2: p. 41-58.
5.        Keyvan M., Suhaimi I., Mojtaba K., Kanmani M., Sayed G. H. T.i, A comparative evaluation of semantic web service discovery approaches, Proceedings of the iiWAS2010, November 08-10, 2010, Paris, France.
6.        Klusch, M., Semantic Web Service Coordination, in CASCOM: Intelligent Service Coordination in the Semantic Web. 2008. p.59-104.
7.        Klusch, M., B. Fries, and K. Sycara, OWLS-MX: A hybrid Semantic Web service matchmaker for OWL-S services. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, 2009. 7(2): p. 121-133
8.        Kourtesis, D. and I. Paraskakis, Combining SAWSDL, OWLDL and UDDI for Semantically Enhanced Web Service Discovery, in The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. 2008. p. 614-628
9.        Klusch, M., P. Kapahnke, and I. Zinnikus, SAWSDL-MX2: A Machine-learning Approach for Integrating Semantic Web Service Matchmaking Variants, in IEEE International Conference on Web Services. 2009.
10.     Duy Ngan Le ; Goh, A.E.S. FuzMOD: A Fuzzy Multi-ontology Web Service Discovery System. APSCC, The 2nd IEEE. 2007, pp. 197-203
11.     Srinivasan, N., M. Paolucci, and K. Sycara. Semantic Web Service Discovery in the OWL-S IDE. in System Sciences. Proceedings of HICSS ’06, 2006
12.     Somasundaram, T.S., et al. Semantic Description and Discovery of Grid Services using WSDL-S and QoS based matchmaking Algorithm. in ADCOM 2006
13.     Li, H., X. Du, and X. Tian, A WSMO-Based Semantic Web Services Discovery Framework in Heterogeneous Ontologies iiWAS2010 Proceedings Web Services Environment. Lecture Notes In Computer Science, 2007. 4798: p. 617.
14.     Pukhkaiev, D., Kot, T., Globa, L., Schill, A.: A novel SLA-aware approach for web service composition. In: IEEEEUROCON, pp. 327--334 (2013)
15.     Berbner, R., Spahn, M., Repp, N., eckmann, O., Steinmetz, R.:Heuristics for QoS-aware Web Service Composition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Web Services 2006, pp. 72--82. IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC(2006)
16.     Aiello, M., el Khoury, E., Lazovik, A., Ratelband, P.: Optimal QoS-Aware Web Service Composition. In: IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, pp. 491—494 (2009)
17.     Kot T., Reverchuk A., Globa L., Schill A.: A Novel approach to increase efficiency of OSS/BSS workflow planning and design. In: Proceedings of BIS’12,vol.117,pp.142-15.

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14.

Authors:

Amal El-Berry, Afrah Al-Bossly

Paper Title:

Effect of Heat on Computer’s Processor Failures

Abstract:    This paper presents the effect of heat on computer’s processor speed. There were two types of temperature variation that affect system performance: global temperature variations and local temperature variations. The disparity in power dissipation between active units and inactive units could result in severe hot spots on a chip, creating large temperature variations which could reduce functionality or caused timing failure. The goal of the analysis to understand the failure rate behavior of a particular item, Weibull++standard folio had been used to perform life data analysis. Degradation analysis was useful for tests performed on highly reliable products. This analysis consists of two steps: first, the failure times of the units on test were extrapolated using measurements of their degradation overtime and second, once these failure times were obtained, life data analysis is used to estimate the reliability of the product. Degradation was used to analyze the measurements of a computer processor decreasing performance. Then the failure time plot to compare the failure times that are expected from a design with a specified reliability to the actual failure times that are observed during a test. Data obtained from field failures could provide valuable information about how a product actually performs in the real world.  The results indicated that the system will fail if any of the modes occurred and failure rate behavior for each failure mode was known and could been described with a life distribution and parameters. In life data analysis, it was assumed that the components being analyzed were non-repairable; that was. They were either discarded or replaced upon failure. However, for complex systems such as computers will be repaired (not discarded) upon failure. Failures were recurring events in the life of a repairable system, and data from such a system are known as recurrent event data. Weibull++ includes a choice of two methods for analyzing recurrent event data: parametric and non-parametric analysis. Event logs, or maintenance logs, capture information about a piece of equipment's failures and repairs, such as the date/time the equipment failed and the date/time the equipment was restored. This information was useful for helping companies achieve productivity goals by giving insight about the failure modes, frequency of outages, repair duration, uptime/downtime and availability of the equipment.

Keywords:  Reliability, maintenance, failures, Weibull++, thermal and lifetime.

References:
1.          E.P. Zafiropoulos, E.N. Dialynas" Reliability and cost optimization of electronic devices considering the component failure rate uncertainty" Reliability Engineering and System Safety pp.84 271–284, 2004.
2.          Sittithumwat, F. Soudi, K. Tomsovic," Optimal allocation of distribution maintenance resources with limited information" Electric Power Systems Research 68 pp.208–220, 2004.
3.          G. Cassanelli,*, G.Mura, F.Cesaretti, M.Vanzi, F.Fantini"Reliability predictions in electronic Industrial applications" Microelectronics Reliability 45 pp.1321–1326, 2005.
4.          Joseph B. Bernstein *, Moshe Gurfinkel, Xiaojun Li, Jo¨rg Walters,Yoram Shapira, Michael Talmor "Electronic circuit reliability modeling" Microelectronics Reliability 46 pp. 1957–1979, 2006.
5.          Soon-Bok Lee and Ilho Kim" Reliability Assessment of Electronic Packaging with Hybrid Approach of Experimental and Computational Mechanics" APCOM’07 in conjunction with EPMESC XI, December 3-6, Kyoto, JAPAN, 2007.
6.          Anduin E. Touw "Bayesian estimation of mixed Weibull distributions" Reliability Engineering and System Safety 94 pp.463– 473,2009.
7.          M. Diatta , E. Bouyssou, D. Trémouilles, P. Martinez, F. Roqueta, O. Ory, M. Bafleur" Failur mechanisms of discrete protection device subjected to repetitive electrostatic discharges (ESD)" Microelectronics Reliability 49, 1103–1106, 2009 .
8.          Govind S. Mudholkara, Kobby O. Asubonteng, Alan D. Hutson," Transformation of the bathtub failure rate data in reliability for using Weibull-model analysis "Statistical Methodology 6 pp.622:633, 2009.
9.          X. Zhong, M.Ichchou, A.Saidi "Reliability assessment of complex mechatronic systems using a modified nonparametric belief propagation algorithm "Reliability Engineering and System Safety 95, pp. 1174–1185, 2010.
10.       J. Virkki, A. Koskenkorva, L. Frisk "Development of a matrix test board for capacitor reliability testing “Microelectronics Reliability 50 pp.1711–1714, (2010).
11.       Mansour Aghababaei Jazi, Chin-Diew Lai, Mohammad Hossein Alamatsaz"A discrete inverse Weibull distribution and estimation of its parameters “Statistical Methodology 7 pp.121-132, 2010.
12.       Shaik.Mohammad Rafi, K.Nageswara Rao and Shaheda Akthar ”Incorporating Generalized Modified Weibull TEF in to Software Reliability Growth Model and Analysis of 
13.       Kahadawala Cooray, Sumith Gunasekera and Malwane Ananda” Weibull and inverse Weibull composite distribution for modeling reliability data” Model Assisted Statistics and Applications 5, pp109–115, 2010.
14.       T. Abbas, K. M. Abd_elsalam, and KH. Khodairy” CPU thermal management of Personal and notebook computer (Transient study)” Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies, ThETA 3, Cairo, Egypt, Dec 19-22nd, pp.85-93,2010.
15.       Zheming Zhang and Jingshen Wu” Research on Temperature Gradient Effect to Solder Joint Reliability” Electronic Packaging Technology & High Density Packaging, pp. 1273-1279, 2010.
16.       Takahashi, N. Beppu, K. Chen, S. Oda, and K. Uchida, “Thermal aware device design of nanoscale bulk/SOI FinFETs: Suppression of operation temperature and its variability,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting, pp. 809–812, Dec. 2011.
17.       M. Shrivastava, M. Agrawal, S. Mahajan, H. Gossner, T. Schulz, D. K. Sharma, and V. R. Rao, “Physical insight toward heat transport and an improved electro thermal modeling framework for FinFET architectures,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1353–1363, May 2012.
18.       Chuan Xu, Seshadri K. Kolluri, Kazhuhiko Endo and Kaustav Banerjee” Analytical Thermal Model for Self-Heating in Advanced FinFET Devices With Implications for Design and Reliability” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 32, NO. 7,pp.1045-1058, JULY 2013.
19.       M.-N. Sabry and M. Dessouky, “A framework theory for dynamic compact thermal models,” in Proc. 28th Annu. IEEE Semicond. Thermal Meas. Manag. Symp. (SEMI- THERM), pp. 189–194., Mar. 2012.
20.       Wangkun Jia, Brian T. Helenbrook, and Ming-Cheng Cheng” Thermal Modeling of Multi-Fin Field Effect Transistor Structure Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition" IEEE Transactions on electron devices vol.61.No. 8, pp. 2752- 2759 Agust 2014.

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15.

Authors:

Vasileios C. Drosos, Anastasia Stergiadou, Vasileios J. Giannoulas, George Doukas

Paper Title:

Diachronic Land Uses Changes in Semi Mountainous Areas Next to Urban and Tourist Areas

Abstract: Land cover data documents how much of a region is covered by forests, wetlands, impervious surfaces, agriculture, and other land and water types. Water types include wetlands or open water. Land use shows how people use the landscape – whether for development, conservation, or mixed uses. The relationship between the land ownership status and the rate of coverage by trees or shrubs do the unconscious people to put fires. The timeless control of changes and land use maps prevent fires aimed at creating plots. In the context of this research, land cover maps of previous years and recent ones were compared, with the help of aerial photographs and analytical and digital photogrammetric stations in representative regions of Greece. Generally we observe that where intense coastal tourist traffic (Toroni) is existed, the forest land is reduced in order to increase housing, while where there is not exist tourist traffic (all the other research areas such as Sarakina, Petrokerasa, Panorama and Pelion), the forest land is increased everywhere with parallel abandonment of agricultural land.

Keywords:  Forestry, land cover, land use, photogrammetry.

References:
1.          Ackermann, F and Hahn, M., Image Pyramids for Digital Photogrammetry. In Ebner, H. and Fritsch, D. and Heipke, C., editor, Digital Photogrammetric Systems, Karlsruhe, Germany: Wichmann, 1991, pp. 43-59
2.          Arvanitis, A., Cadastre. Thessaloniki: Ziti Publications, 2000, ch. 4.
3.          Barlowe, R., “Land Resource Economics. The economics of real property”, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Ehglewood Cliffs, 1972, pp. 35-97.
4.          Chen, D., Stow, D.A., Tucker, L., Daeschner, S., “Detecting and enumerating new building structures utilizing very-high resolution image data and image
processing”, Geocarto International (16) 69–82. 2001.
5.          Doucas A.-K. and Drosos, V., Forest Road Construction and Natural Environment. Thessaloniki: Tziolas Publishing, 2013, ch. 7.
6.          Dunn, C. P., Sharpe, D. M., Guntenspergen, G. R., Stearns, F. and Yang, Z., Methods for analyzing temporal changes in Landscape Pattern. In: Turner, M. G. and Gardner, R. H. (Eds.), Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. New York: Springer, 1991, pp. 173-198.
7.          European Environmental Agency. (2007, May 20). Available: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/glossary/items/3666.php
8.          Franklin, J., Woodcock, C.E., Warbington, R., Digital vegetation maps of forest lands in California: integrating satellite imagery, GIS modeling, and field data in support of resource management. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 2000, 66, 1209–1217.
9.          Harou, P. A. and Essmann, H., Integrated Land Use and Policies – A Framework for Research. IUFRO Montreal Canada, 1990, pp. 188-197.
10.       Jensen, J.R., Cowen, D.J., Remote sensing of urban/suburban infrastructure and socio-economic attributes. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing, 1999, 65, 611–622.
11.       Kraus, K., Photogrammetrie Band II. Verfeinerte Methoden und Anwendungen. Köln: Duemmler Verlag, 1996, ch. 5.
12.       Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondizios, E. and Moran, E., Change detection techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004, 25(12), 2365 - 2407.
13.       Meister, A. D., More market, planning, forestry and farming: antagonism or symbiosis? N. Z. Forestry, May 1987, pp. 28-31.
14.       Procter, R., “Treasury may bring the market to town planning”. National Business Review, April 1986, pp. 18-31.

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