Volume-5 Issue-2

S. No

Volume-5 Issue-2, July 2015, ISSN:  2278-3075 (Online)
Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. 

Page No.

1.

Authors:

T. H. Ismayilov, A. R. Aslanova

Paper Title:

Influence of Peripheral Effects on the Electro Physical Properties of Schottky Diodes

Abstract: In Cu-nSi Shottky diode (SD) with different diameters additional electric field (AEF) arising due to the limitation of the contact surface with free surfaces of the contacting materials significantly influence on its electrophysical properties. In SD at the active participation of AEF formed a effective potential barrier height. In SD at the active participation of AEF formed a effective potential barrier height. Forward and initial reverse I-V characteristics SD are determined by the current flowing through  as periphery of contact surface as its rest surface and is well described by the thermionic emission theory, as in the idealized homogeneous SD. In a forward and primary reverse bias with increasing diameter SD of 6µm to 100 µm effective potential barrier height and the contact resistance increased, but  the ideality factor and proportionality coefficient remain virtually unchanged. STM images SD and their I-V characteristics show that, the contribution of peripheral current to total current of SD increases with increasing reverse voltage. The second section of the reverse I-V characteristics SD, which consists only of peripheral current is represented by a straight line in a semi-logarithmic scale. The  potential barrier height, a dimensionless coefficient, the contact resistance, the area and the width of the periphery  of the contact surface different from that for of the first initial portion  I-V characteristics SD.

Keywords:  contact metal – semiconductor, inhomogeneous Schottky barrier, peripheral current Schottky diode, additional electric field, semiconductor converters, limitation of contact surface.

References:
[1]  C.M. Sze, “Physics of Semiconductor Devices”, Part 1. Moscow: Mir; 1984.
[2]  K.A Valiev., J.I.Pashintsev, G.U.Petrov, “Application of contact metal - semiconductor in electronics”, Radio and communication. Moscow; 1981.
[3]  R.K. Mamedov, “Contacts metal–semiconductor with an electric spots field”, Baku, BSU, 2003.
[4]  Sermiento Sere, “Influencia de la geometria en el voltaje de ruptura de la union metal-semiconductor”, Ciencias tecnicas: Ing. Electr.autom. y comun., №2, pp.29-43, 1978
[5]   Yearn-Ik Choi, “Enhancement of Breakdown Voltages Schottky Diodes with a Tapered Window”, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, v.ED-28, №5, pp.601-602, 1981
[6]  P.Gutknecht, M.J. Strutt, “Thermale oxidized meza Schottky barrier diodes”, IEEE Trans., v.ED-21, №2, pp.172-173, 1974
[7]  M. Mehrotra, B.J. Baliga, “Trench MOS barrier Schottky (TMBS) rectifier”, Solid State Electron, v.38, pp.801-809,1995
[8]   V. Khemka, A. Ananthan, T.P. Chow,”A fully planarized 4H-SiC trench MOS barrier Schottky (TMBS) rectifier”, In: IEEE Int. Symp. Power Semicond. Dev. ICs, Toronto, Canada, pp.165-168, 1999
[9]   V. Khemka, R.Patel, T.P.Chow, R.J.Gutmann, “Design considerations and experimental analysis for silicon carbide power rectifiers”, Solid State Electron v.43, pp.1945-1956,1999
[10]         Li Wei-Yi, Ru Guo-Ping, Jiang Yu-Long, Ruan Gang, “Trapezoid mesa trench metal oxide semiconductor barrier Schottky rectifier: an improved Schottky rectifier with better reverse characteristics”, Chin. Phys. B. Vol. 20, No. 8, pp.087304-087315, 2011
[11]         Max Chen, Sr. Director, Henry Kuo, Sr. Manager,  Sweetman Kim, “High-Voltage TMBS Diodes Challenge Planar Schottkys. Power Electronics Technology”,  p.22 -32, October 2006
[12] V.S.Кotov, N.F.Golubev, V.V.Tocarev, V.E.Baricenco, “Modeling TMBS diode”, Prakticheskaya Silavaya Electronika, v.50(2), pp.1-7, 2013
[13]         B.J. Baliga,” Advanced Power Rectifier Concepts”, Springer, 2009
[14]  Davide Chiola, Stephan Oliver, Marco Soldano, “Increased Efficiency and Improved Re¬liability in “ORing” functions using Trench Schottky Technology”, International  Rectifier. As presented at PCIM Europe, 2002
[15]         N.F.Golubev, V.V. Tocarev, S.Shpacovski, “Primenenie submicronnoy technology dlya sozdaniya visokoeffektivnich diodov Shottky. Silavaya Electronika”, №4,  pp.4 -7, 2005
[16]         N.A.Torkhov, V.G.Boshkov, I.V.Ivanov, V.A.Novikov, “Issledovaniye raspredeleniya potensiala na poverxnosti metal-nGaAs medodom ASM”, J. Poverxnost, № 1, pp.57-66, 2009
[17]         N.A.Torkhov, V.A. Novikov,” The influence of periphery of Shottky barrier metal–semiconductor contacts on their electrophysical characteristics. FTP, v.45, n.1, pp.70-86, 2011
[18] N.A. Torkhov,”Vliyanie fotoeds na tokoproxojdeniye v diodax Shottky”, FTP, v.45, n.7, p.965 –973, 2011
[19]         R.K. Mamedov, M.A. Yeganeh, “Current Transport and Formation of Energy Structures in Narrow Schottky Diodes”, J. Microelectronics Reliability,  v.52, №2, pp. 418 – 424, 2012
[20]         R.K.Mamedov, “Features of the potential barrier and current flow in the narrow Schottky diodes”, Superlattices and Microstructures, v.60, p. 300–310, 2013
[21] R.K.Mamedov, “Features of additional electric field in real metal - semiconductor contacts”, News of BSU: series of physico-mathematical sciences, № 4, pp.128–163, 2013
[22]         M.O. Nikoloyevich, “Modeling of electrosistem of contackt Shottky. Actual Problems of Science XXI. Sb.2 Int. Conference. Maxachkala”, pp. 36-40, 2013
[23]         R.K. Mamedov, “Additional electric field in  TMBS diode”, News of BSU: series of physico-mathematical sciences, № 3, pp. 110–122, 2014,
[24]         E.V. Buzanyeva, “ Microstructure of integration electronics”, Moscow, Sov. Radio, 1990

1-7

2.

Authors:

Bijeta Dash

Paper Title:

Management of Road Pavement Using High Strength Concrete and Sustainable Material

Abstract:  Highway & Road Concrete pavement maintenance is a routine work performed to keep pavement which is exposed to normal conditions of traffic and nature such as wind, rain, show, temperature, etc. as near to its original conditions as possible, all types of concrete pavements require maintenance of cracks, potholes, depressions and other types of distress. In major cities and towns utility cuts and repaints are major contributors to the need for pavement maintenance, Repairing  of pavement deteriorations at the proper time and the proper manner method can significantly increase the life of the pavement. Early detection and repair of minor defects are among the most important activates of the road maintenance department. Now – a days the use of 12 hours created mix for patching inhere traffic road way in urban areas. The current 12 Hrs benid of strength gain to 4 hours only. This work uses high early strength cement and chemical admixtures on one hand and low water cement ration and / or high conventional cement contents. Sustained materials on the other hand attain early strength, conclusive recommendations of a combination of these techniques and / or the individual techniques used based on strength criterion (compressive strength) and durability criterion is made. Admixtures like steel fibers, polypropylene fibers, aluminum pins, clips etc of non rusting metals are being used in this technique. This increases the wear and tear strength at the patch. Shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) one not being commonly used, now – a days. The use SRA and HPC or high strength concrete is descrying of further research Synthetic fibers are often uses to increase wearing strength. Possible benefits of use at such admixtures is increasing resistances to shrinkage, creating improved band strength. Finder reinforced concrete has been shown in several studies to be more restant to shrinkage cracking (Padron and Zolo, 1990, Gryzbowsti and shah, 1990) Conrek key word road pavement maintenance, high strength concrete, sustainable materials

Keywords: Concrete Road Pavement maintenance, High strength concrete, sustainable materials.

References:
1.   By Stephen G. Ritchie,1 A. M. Asce, Che-I Yeh,2 Joe P. Mahoney,3  and Newton C. Jackson4 Surface Condition Expert System ForPavement Rehabilitation Planning J. Transp. Eng. 1987.113:155-167.
2.   Dar Hao Chen1; Tom Scullion, P.E.2; And John Bilyeu, P.E.3  Lessons Learned On Jointed Concrete PavementRehabilitation Strategies In Texas J. Transp. Eng. 2006.132:257-2605.
3.   Xiaojun Li1 And Haifang Wen, Ph.D., P.E., M.Asce2 Effects Of Preoverlay Pavement Conditions AndPreoverlay Repair Methods On The Performance Of Asphaltic Concrete Overlays J. Transp. Eng. 2014.140:42-49.

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3.

Authors:

Y. Chalapathi Rao, Santhi Rani

Paper Title:

Energy Efficiency and Maximizing Network Lifetime for WSNs using ACO Algorithm

Abstract:  Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) carry out both monitoring and communication task. WSN’s have attractive a great deal of study due to their low cost and wide range applications. A WSN is a distributed system consisting of many small sensor nodes delayed in environments to sense the physical world. WSNs have a large number of applications in real time monitoring, such as battle field surveillance, environment monitor, personal health monitor and so on. The main challenging problem in WSNs is power consumption and maximizing the network lifetime. WSNs is a demanding task, in this paper proposed an ACO based approaches that can be prolonging the network lifetime and minimizing the power consumption. ACO is a well known Meta heuristic inspired by the foraging behavior of real ants. Ants are stochastic constructive procedures that build solutions while walking on a constructive graph. This paper considers the problem of finding the maximum number of connected covers in different WSNs. A number of methods have been proposed for finding one connected cover from a WSN. The connected covers are a more direct way to minimize power consumption and prolong the network lifetime. The proposed approach has been applied to different WSNs. The compared result shows that the performance and efficiency of the approach with LEACH and PARA, ACO is a successful method for maximizing the network lifetime and minimize power consumption.

Keywords: Ant colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, Energy efficiency, LEACH, Network lifetime, PARA, WSNs.

References:
1.        K. R¨omer, F. Mattern, and E. Zurich, “The design space of wireless sensor networks,” IEEEWireless Commun., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 54–61, Dec. 2004.
2.        T. D. R¨aty, “Survey on contemporary remote surveillance systems for public safety,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., Part C, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 493–515, Sep. 2010.
3.        Dietrich and F. Dressler, “On the lifetime of wireless sensor networks,” ACM Trans. Sensor Networks, vol. 5, no. 1, Feb. 2009.
4.        C.-Y. Chang, J.-P. Sheu, Y.-C. Chen, and S.-W. Chang, “An obstacle-free and power-efficient deployment algorithm for wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., Part A, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 795–806, Jul. 2009.
5.        S. Okdem and D. Karaboga, “Routing in wireless sensor networks using ant colony optimization,” in Proc. 1st NASA/ESA Conf. Adapt. Hardware Syst., Istanbul, 2006, pp. 401–404.
6.        K. Das, R. J. Marks, M. El-Sharkawi, P. Arabshahi, and A. Gray, “The minimum power broadcast problem in wireless networks: An ant colony system approach,” in Proc. IEEE CAS Workshop Wireless Commun. Networking, 2002, pp. 5–6.
7.        F. Ge, Y. Wang, Q. Wang, and J. Wang, “Energy efficient broadcasting based on ant colony optimization in wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Nat. Comput., Haiko, China, 2007, pp. 129–133.
8.        Acharya, A. Seetharam, A. Bhattacharyya, and M. K. Naskar, “Balancing energy dissipation in data gathering wireless sensor networks using ant colony optimization,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Distrib. Comput. Networking, Hyderabad, India, 2009, pp. 437–443.
9.        Aktildiz I F, Su W, Sankarasubraman Y, Cayirci E, A Survey on Sensor Network [J]. IEEE Communication Magazine, 2002, 40(8):102-114.
10.     Heinzalman W R, Kulik J, Balakrishman H. Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Network[C]//proc. of the 5th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. New York, NY, USA:ACM press, 2001:174-185.
11.     Younis O, Fahmy S. A Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad_Hoc sensor Network [J].  IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing. 2004,3(4):660-668.
12.     LI W en, LIU Yang-ping. TONG Diao-sheng. Distributed Data Collection Rote Algorithm Based on Ant Algorithm in Sensor Network[J]. Computer Systems, 2005,26(5)788-792.
13.     YE Gang-qiang, LIANG Yan, SUN Shi-yu. Ant Colony-based Wireless Sensor Network Routing Algorithm [J]. Application Reserch of Computers, 2008,25(3):715-717.
14.     WANG Qing-zheng, MIN Lin, GUO Zheng-wei, Engergy Blance Routing Algorithm Based on Ant Colony Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2009,26(12):716-723.
15.     V. Maniezzo (1999) Exact and approximate nondeterministic tree-search procedures for the quadratic assignment problem, INFORMS Journal of Computing 11(4):358-369.
16.     M. Dorigo, T. Stützle (2002) The ant colony optimization metaheuristic: Algorithms, applications and advances. In F. Glover, G. Kochenberger (eds) Handbook of Metaheuristics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, pp 251-285.
17.     Colorni, M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo (1991) Distributed optimization by ant colonies, In Proceedings of ECAL'91 European Conference on Artificial Life, Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 134-142.
18.     M. Dorigo, L.M. Gambardella (1997) Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the travelling salesman problem, IEEE Transaction on Evolutionary Computation 1:53-66.
19.     L.M. Gambardella, M. Dorigo (1996) Solving Symmetric and Asymmetric TSPs by Ant Colonies, In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC96, Nagoya, Japan, pp 622-627.
20.     T. Stützle, H. Hoos (1997) Improvements on the ant system: Introducing MAX-MIN ant system, In Proceeding of ICANNGA'97, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, Springer Verlag, pp 245-249.
21.     S. Lin, B.W. Kernighan, (1973) An effective heuristic algorithm for the travelling salesman problem, Operations Research, 21:498–516.

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4.

Authors:

Triveni P. Kulli, Maheswari A

Paper Title:

Vision Based Human Gesture Analysis for Human Machine Interactive Applications

Abstract: In human-Machine Interaction (HMI), hand gestures provide an interactive natural communication between human and machines. Specifically, the visual interpretation of hand gestures will improve the usability, efficiency and quality of HMI. Recently, researchers are more interested in exploring computer vision-based analysis and interpretation of hand gestures, especially after the release of Microsoft Kinect depth sensor. Major applications of human gesture analysis are surveillance, medicine, enhanced visual games, man-machine interface and animation. Using the low cost and high reliable sensor ‘Kinect’ with its SDK tool kit for windows gives a way to solve with ease some of the difficult problems encountered when working with conventional cameras. The main objective of this project is to control the Human Machine Interactive applications such as graphical user interface, translating of sign language and stroke rehabilitation using Human Gesture Analysis techniques using the Microsoft’s Kinect sensor and LabVIEW, a powerful software tool from National Instruments.

Keywords: Human gestures, Kinect Sensor, Skeletal Analysis, NILabVIEW, Data Acquisition

References:
[1] Toyin Osunkoya1, and Johng-Chern Chern2 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Chicago State University Chicago, IL 60628, “Gesture-Based Human-Computer-Interaction Using Kinect for Windows Mouse Control and PowerPoint Presentation”.
[2]           Thi-Lan Le, Minh-Quoc Nguyen, Thi-Thanh-Mai,“Human posture recognition using human skeletonprovided by Kinect”, Nguyen International Research Institute MICAHUST - CNRS/UMI-2954 -GRENOBLE INPHANOI UNIVERSITY of SCIENCEand TECHNOLOGYVIET NAM, 978-1-4673-2088-7/13©2013 IEEE
[3]           OrasaPatsadu, ChakaridaNukoolkit and BunthitWatanapa, School of Information TechnologyKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok, Thailand, “Human Gesture Recognition Using Kinect Camera” 978-1-4673-1921-8/12©2012 IEEE
[4]           Shengli Zhou, Fei Fei, Guanglie Zhang, John D. Mai, Yunhui Liu, Jay Y. J. Liou, and Wen J. Li, Fellow, IEEE, “Human Gesture Tracking and Recognition by the Fusion of MEMS Inertial and Vision Sensors” IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 14, NO. 4, APRIL 2014.
[5]           Sungil Kang, Juhee Oh, and Hyunki Hong, Dept. of Imaging Science and Arts, GSAIM, Chung-Ang University Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea, “Human Gesture Detection based on 3D Blobs andSkeleton Model” 978-1-4799-0604-8/13©2013 IEEE
[6]           Megha D Bengalur, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering.BVBCET, Hubli, “HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION USING BODY POSE FEATURES AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE”, 978-1-4673-6217-7/13 © 2013 IEEE
[7]           Loren Arthur Schwarz, ArtashesMkhitaryan, Diana Mateus, Nassir Navab, Computer Aided Medical Procedures (CAMP), Department of Informatics TechnischeUniversitätMünchen (TUM), Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany, “Human skeleton tracking from depth data using geodesic distances and optical flow”, 0262-8856/$ – see front matter © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2011.12.001
[8]           Leandro Miranda a, Thales Vieira a, Dimas Martíneza, Thomas Lewinerb,Antonio W. Vieira c,d, Mario F. M. Campos c, a Institute of Mathematics, UFAL, Maceió, Brazil,b Department of Mathematics, PUC–Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,c Department of Computer Science, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, d Department of Mathematics, UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, Brazil
[9]           Pradeep Kumar B P “design and development of HCI using gesture recognition” has Presented in international conference on emerging innovative technology for a sustainable world (ICEITSW-2013) conducted by Oklahoma state university
[10]         Pradeep Kumar B P” design and development of human computer interface using svm” presented in International conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (ICETE-12) 15th and 16th May 2012
[11]         Y. Tao, H. Hu, and H. Zhou, “Integration of vision and inertial sensor for 3D arm motion tracking in home-based rehabilitation,” Int. J. Robot. Res., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 607–624, 2007.
[12]         Y. Suya, U. Neumann, and R. Azuma, “Hybrid inertial and vision tracking for augmented reality registration,” in Proc. Virtual Reality, 1999, pp. 260–267.
[13] S. Giannarou, Z. Zhiqiang, and Y. Guang-Zhong, “Deformable structure from motion by fusing visual and inertial measurement data,” in Proc.
[14]         Marco Soave, Raffaele De Amicis, “ Analysis of Human Gestures in the 3D space to control Multimedia Interfaces”, Fondazione Graphitech,978-1-4673-2565-3/12/©2012 IEEE
[15]         Wan yi,Wang jin,Hu Jingwen,Song Tiangang, “ A Study in 3D-reconstruction using Kinect Sensor”, 978-1-61284-683-5/12/©2012 IEEE
[16]         Thi-Lan Le, Minh-Quoc Nguyen, Thi-Thanh-Mai,“Human posture recognition using human skeletonprovided by Kinect”, Nguyen International Research Institute MICAHUST - CNRS/UMI-2954 -GRENOBLE INPHANOI UNIVERSITY of SCIENCEand TECHNOLOGYVIET NAM, 978-1-4673-2088-7/13©2013 IEEE
[17]         Sungil Kang, Juhee Oh, and Hyunki Hong, Dept. of Imaging Science and Arts, GSAIM, Chung-Ang University Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea, “Human Gesture Detection based on 3D Blobs andSkeleton Model” 978-1-4799-0604-8/13©2013 IEEE
[18]         SriparnaSaha, ShreyaGhosh , AmitKonar, 1Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Dept.School of Bioscience and Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata, India, “Gesture Recognition FromIndian Classical Dance Using Kinect Sensor” 978-0-7695-5042-8/13 © 2013 IEEE DOI 10.1109/CICSYN.2013.11
[19]         Zhen-PengBian, Lap-PuiChau, Nadia MagnenatThalmann, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 * Institute for Media Innovation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, “A Depth Video Approach for Fall Detection Based on Human Joins Height and Falling Velocity”
[20]         OrasaPatsadu, ChakaridaNukoolkit and BunthitWatanapa, School of Information TechnologyKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok, Thailand, “Human Gesture Recognition Using Kinect Camera” 978-1-4673-1921-8/12©2012 IEEE

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5.

Authors:

M. Sivakumar, M. Claret Stany, T. Balasubramani

Paper Title:

Cellular Manufacturing in Carriage Building Press Shop using by Rank Order Clustering (ROC)

Abstract: Lean manufacturing has proven to be an effective strategy to increase productivity and cost competiveness in the manufacturing industry. Cellular manufacturing (CM) is one of the tool of lean manufacturing. Cellular Manufacturing is one of the initiatives that major businesses in the U.S have been to adopt in order to remain in an increasingly global market. It is a fairly new application of group technology. For effective analysis of existing layout for Carriage Building (CB) press shop and to propose new layout, its needed to examine operation like material travel distance for each part number, machineries used. In order to valid analysis here Clustering techniques are used.

Keywords:   Lean manufacturing, Cellular manufacturing.

References:
1.     Christian Becker, Armin Scholl (2006) A survey on problems and methods in generalized assembly line balancing, European Journal of Operational Research 168 . pp.694–715.
2.     Eric Molleman et al (2012) The evolution of a cellular manufacturing system – a longitudinal case study, Int. J. Production Economics 75 (2002) 305–322.
3.     Fawaz A. Abdulmalek, Jayant Rajgopal (2007) Analyzing the benefits of lean manufacturing and value stream mapping via simulation: A process sector case study, Int. J. Production Economics 107 ,pp.223–236.
4.     Haeryip sihombing , Kannan rassiah  and Parahsakthi chidambaram ( 2011) Line balancing analysis of tuner product manufacturing, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN : 0975-5462, Vol. 3 No. 6 June 2011.
5.     Hosseini Nasab , Aliheidari bioki , H. Khademi Zare  (2012) Finding a probabilistic approach to analyze lean manufacturing, Journal of Cleaner Production 29-30. pp.73-81.
6.     Hubert k Rampersad and anwar EI Homsi (2008) TPS Lean and six sigma book,sara books private limited, value stream mapping, pp.28-33
7.     Kulak, M.B. Durmusoglu, S. Tufekci (2005)  A complete cellular manufacturing system design methodology based on axiomatic design principles, Computers & Industrial Engineering 48. pp765–787
8.     Matthias Holweg (2007)The genealogy of lean production, Journal of Operations Management 25 .pp.420–437.
9.     Mikell P Groover , Automation, production systems and computer integrated manufacturing , third edition,pp. 525-528.
10.  Nils Boysen  , Malte Fliedner , and Armin Scholl (2007)  A classification of assembly line balancing problems, European Journal of Operational Research 183 . pp.674–693 .
11.  Nuchsara Kriengkorakot ,Nalin Pianthong ( 2007) The Assembly Line Balancing Problem :Review articles, KKU Engineering Journal Vol. 34 No .2 , pp.133 – 140
12.  Rachna Shah ,Peter T. Ward (2003) Lean manufacturing: context, practice bundles, and performance, Journal of Operations Management 21, pp.129–149.
13.  Rahani A, Muhammad al-Ashraf (2012) Production Flow Analysis through Value Stream Mapping: A Lean Manufacturing Process Case Study, Procedia Engineering 41,pp.1727 – 1734.
14.  Ravikumar Marudhamuthu, Marimuthu krishnaswamy,and Damodaran Moorthy Pillai (2011) The Development and Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Techniques in Indian garment Industry, JJMIE Volume 5, ISSN 1995, pp. 527 – 532.
15.  Sule Itir Satoglu, M. Bulent Durmusoglu ,Ibrahim Dogan  (2006) Evaluation of the conversion from central storage to decentralized storages in cellular manufacturing environments using activity-based costing, Int. J. Production Economics 103 ,pp.616–632.

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6.

Authors:

K. Ramya, V. B. K. L Aruna

Paper Title:

Implementation of Fused Add and Multiply Operator using Radix 8 Algorithm

Abstract:  many complex arithmetic operations are based on addition and multiplication operations which are used in many DSP applications. This paper presents implementation of add-multiply operation by using conventional and fused design architectures. In the proposed paper a modified booth recoding technique for implementation of fused add-multiply (FAM) operator is introduced. By using modified booth recoding technique [2] partial products in multiplication will be reduced to half and further implementation of FAM by using radix8 booth algorithm is done which reduces the partial products further to one third of the number [1].After comparing all the architectures, the proposed radix8 booth algorithm yields considerable reductions in terms of area and critical path delay as compared to radix4 booth algorithm. The proposed design is targeted on a XILINX virtex-6 device and examined using VHDL simulator in XILINX 14.2 version.

Keywords:   Add-multiply operator, Modified booth recoding, Partial products and Radix8 algorithm.

References:
1.        Paladugu Srinivas Teja,“Design of Radix-8 Booth Multiplier Using Koggestone Adder for High Speed Arithmetic Applications,” EEIEJ, vol. 1, no. 1, February 2014.
2.        P. S. Tulasiram and R. Seshasayanan, “Implementation of Modified Booth Recoded Wallace Tree Multiplier for fast Arithmetic Circuits,” Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014.
3.        Kostas Tsoumanis, “An Optimized Modified Booth Recoder for Efficient Design of the Add-Multiply Operator,” IEEE transactions on circuits and systems—I: regular papers, vol. 61, no. 4, April 2014.
4.        Z. Huang, “High-Level Optimization Techniques for Low-Power Multiplier Design,” Ph.D., University of California, Department of Computer Science, Los Angeles, CA, 2003.
5.        Z. Huang and M. D. Ercegovac, “High-performance low-power left-to-right array multiplier design,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 54, no. 3, pp.272–283, Mar. 2005.
6.        O. L. Macsorley, “High-speed arithmetic in binary computers,” Proc.IRE, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 67–91, Jan. 1961.
7.        Lakshmanan, m. othman, m.a.m. ali, “Design and Characterization of Parallel Prefix Adders using FPGA’S,” journal of computers, vol. 5, no. 10, October 2012.

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