Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

E0323101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:48:57 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. Challenges of Industry and their Solutions, Communications #Advanced Manufacturing Technologies #Artificial Intelligence #Autonomous Robots #Augmented Reality #Big Data Analytics and Business Intelligence #Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) #Digital Clone or Simulation #Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) #Manufacturing IoT #Plant Cyber Security #Smart Solutions – Wearable Sensors and Smart Glasses #System Integration #Small Batch Manufacturing #Visual Analytics #Virtual Reality #3D Printing # Internet of Things (IoT) #Internet of Things (IoT) & IoE & Edge Computing #Distributed Mobile Applications Utilizing IoT #Security, Privacy and Trust in IoT & IoE #Standards for IoT Applications #Ubiquitous Computing #Block Chain-enabled IoT Device and Data Security and Privacy #Application of WSN in IoT #Cloud Resources Utilization in IoT #Wireless Access Technologies for IoT #Mobile Applications and Services for IoT #Machine/ Deep Learning with IoT & IoE #Smart Sensors and Internet of Things for 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Preparation of Nano Particle Mg_0.2Fe_0.8O by Solution Combustion Method and Their Characterization
Mohsen Ahmadipour¹, K.Venkateswara Rao²
¹Mohsen Ahmadipour, M.tech Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology Jawaharlal Nehru University, Hyderabad, India.
²K.Venkateswara Rao, Head of Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology Jawaharlal Nehru University, Hyderabad, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 135-137 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0323101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The present paper investigated a preparation of Nano sized Mg_0.2Fe_0.8O by eco-friendly chemical combustion synthesis using magnesium and iron nitrates as oxidizers and the glycine as a fuel to drive the reaction. Powder characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to estimate crystallite size, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) for determining sample purity, weight loss percentage and decomposition reaction, Transmission electron microscope and Scanning electron microscope(SEM, TEM) were done to evaluation the morphology and average particle size. In this study are useful for establishing a simple method for the preparation of Mg_0.2Fe_0.8O Nano powders.
Keywords: Solution Combustion Synthesis, Mg_0.2Fe_0.8O, XRD, SEM, TEM
Scope of the Article: Network Traffic Characterization and Measurements

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E0326101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:45:24 +0000

The Estimation of DOA in Smart Antenna Systems
Adil Majdoubi¹, Mohamed Essaaidi²
¹Adil Majdoubi, Département of physics, Abdelmalek Essaadi university, Tetuan, Morocco.
²Mohamed Essaaidi, Département of physics. Abdelmalek Essaadi university, Tetuan, Morocco.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 132-134 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0326101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Smart antennas systems are being the key solution to increase the spectral efficiency and improving the system performance in mobile communication. Smart antennas usually consist of a number of radiating elements (i.e. array antennas) whose individual excitation can be controlled by DSP (digital signal processor) in order to achieve the desired radiation pattern. The smart antennas systems estimate the direction of arrival of the signal, using techniques such as MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), and ESPRIT (estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques) algorithms. They involve finding a spatial spectrum of the antenna array and calculating the DOA from the peaks of this spectrum. These calculations are computationally intensive.
Keywords: DOA, MUSIC, antenna array, spatial spectrum, beamforming
Scope of the Article: Smart Antenna

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E0341101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:42:43 +0000

Digital Switching in Telecom- Munication
Prudhvi Raj Vejendla¹, Chandra Shekar Banoth², A. Rama Krishna³
¹B. Chandra Shekar, B-Tech (IV/IV), Dept. of ECM, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India.
²V. Prudhvi Raj, B-Tech (IV/IV), Dept. of ECM, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India.
³A.Rama Krishna, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECM, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 127-131 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0341101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Telecommunication networks carry infor- mation signals among entities, which are geographically far apart. An entity may be a computer or human being, a facsimile machine, a Tele-printer, a data terminal and so on. The entities are involved in the process of infor- mation Transfer which may be in the form of a telephone conversation (telephony) or a file transfer between two computers or message transfer between two terminals etc. Today it is almost truism to state that tele communication systems are the symbol of our information age. With the rapidly growing traffic and untargeted growth of cyberspace, telecommunication becomes a fabric of our life. The future challenges are enormous as we antic- ipate rapid growth items of new services and number of users. What comes with the challenge is a genuine need for more advanced methodology supporting analysis and design of telecommunication architectures. Tele communication has evaluated and growth at an explosive rate in recent years and will undoubtedly continue to do so. The communication switching system enables the universal connectivity. The universal Connectivity is realized when any entity in one part of the world can communicate with any other entity in another part of the world. In many ways telecommunication will acts as a substitute for the increasingly expensive physical trans- portation. The telecommunication links and switching were mainly designed for voice communication. With the appropriate attachments/equipment’s, they can be used to transmit data. A modern society, therefore, needs new facilities including very high bandwidth switched data networks, and large communication satellites with small, cheap earth antennas.
Keywords: Communication, Architectures, bandwidth
Scope of the Article: Wireless Communication

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E0347101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:38:31 +0000

The Importance of Transport and Logistics Services in Green Supply Chain Management
P. Bhanu Krishna¹, K.V. Vamsi Krishna², M. Kuladeep³, G. Karuna Kumar⁴
¹P. Bhanu Krishna, Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L. University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
²K.V. Vamsi Krishna, Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L. University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
³M. Kuladeep, Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L. University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
⁴G. Karuna Kumar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L. University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 123-126 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0347101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper is focused on the importance of transportation & logistics in green supply chain management (GSCM).It is very important for all the related industries to realize the importance of implementing best practices to protect the health of our planet Earth. If no attention is given to the environmental consequences and to ways of addressing environmental challenges in that sector, the beautiful promises of a better lifestyle associated with the information age will be tarnished by the poor quality of our essential commodities – clean air, clear water, and pristine soils. Although GSCM has been comprehensively reviewed, there are areas around Green supply chain that still require further study. One is a gap in the literature in terms of the stakeholder’s views towards green supply chain. Stakeholders would definitely have different views about this and can sometimes be conflicting from the company’s point of view. Some stakeholders would go against green supply chain management and some would not. This paper recommends that researchers should focus more towards qualitative study such as interviews in understanding the different stakeholder views towards green supply chain management to portray the different views about the concept and how this, in the end, implicates management decisions. This is done with the help of four methodologies viz. Reverse Logistics, Calculating the amount of Co2 released, shipment consolidation and Environmental Performance Index (EPI).
Keywords: GSCM = [Green purchasing] + [Green manufacturing/materials management] + [Green Distribution / marketing through Shipment Consolidation] + [Reverse logistics]
Scope of the Article: Manufacturing IoT

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E0346101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:34:51 +0000

Simulation and Modeling of Fading Channel and Improvement of Channel estimation using Artificial Neural Network
Hemchand Vashist¹, Arvind Pathak², Amarjeet Kaur³, Sanjay Sharma⁴, Ashish Sharma⁵, Meenu Jangir⁶
¹Er. Hemchand Vashist, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, ACME, India.
²Arvind Pathak, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Lingaya’s University, India.
³Er. Amarjeet Kaur, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, ACME, India.
⁴Sanjay Sharma, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, ACME, India.
⁵Er. Ashish Sharma, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, ACME, India.
⁶Er. Meenu Jangir, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, ACME, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 116-122 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0346101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: We present a simulation of Rayleigh fading channel. We used MATLAB for its implementation. Further this work explored possible use of Artificial Neural network for channel estimation. This is one of the first steps in improving performance in fading environment. We present a novel algorithm for channel estimation using ANN with the help of user’s usage history.
Keywords: AMATLAB
Scope of the Article: Artificial Neural Network

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E0345101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:29:14 +0000

Localization of Text in Complex Images Using Haar Wavelet Transform
Neha Gupta¹, V.K Banga²
¹Neha Gupta, Department of Electronics and Communication, PTU University/ Amritsar College of Engineering and Technology, Amritsar, India.
²Dr. V.K.Banga, Head of Department of Electronics and Communication, PTU University/ Amritsar College of Engineering and Technology, Amritsar, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 111-115 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0345101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper, a new hybrid approach is developed which locate text in different backgrounds. However, variation of text due to differences in size, style, orientation and alignment, as well as low image contrast and complex background make the problem of automatic text localization extremely challenging. The text localization algorithm system is designed to locate text in different kinds of images and eliminates the need to devise separate method for various kinds of images. Firstly, the color image is converted into grayscale image. After that, Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is employed. Haar DWT decompose image into four sub image coefficients, one is average and other three are detail. Now, Sobel edge detector is applied on three detail components, the resultant edges so obtained are combined to form edge map. The morphological dilation is performed on binary edge map and further label the connected components. Finally, using some specific condition, the text is obtained in bounding box.
Keywords: Bounding box, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Haar wavelet, Sobel edge detector
Scope of the Article: Discrete Wavelet Transform

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E0344101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:26:11 +0000

VLSI Implementation of Data Encryption Standard Algorithm
Naveen Kumar¹, B. Venu Gopal²
¹Naveen Kumar, M. Tech, Department of ECE, JNTU Kakinada University/ Kaushik College of Engineering /Visakhapatnam, India.
²B.Venu Gopal, Assoc .Professor, Dept. of ECE, Kaushik College of Engineering /Visakhapatnam, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 106-110 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0344101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: There are two main types of cryptography in use today –symmetrico rsecret key cryptography and a symmetric or public key cryptography. Symmetric key cryptography is the oldest type whereas asymmetric cryptography is only being used publicly since the late 1970’s 1 . Asymmetric cryptography was a major milestone in the search for a perfect encryption scheme. Secret key cryptography goes back to at least Egyptian times and is of concern here. It involves the use of only one key which is used for both encryption and decryption (hence the use of the term symmetric). Figure 2.1 depicts this idea. It is necessary for security purposes that the secret key never be revealed To accomplish encryption, most secret key algorithms use two main techniques known assubstitutionandpermutation. Substitution is simply a mapping of one value to another whereas permutation is a reordering of the bit positions for each of the inputs. These techniques are used a number of times in iterations called rounds. Generally, the more rounds there are, the more secure the algrithm. A non-linearity is also introduced into the encryption so that decryption will be computationally infeasible 2 without the secret key. This is achieved with the use of S-boxes which are basically non-linear substitution tables where either the output is smaller than the input or viceversa.
Keywords: Cryptography, Encrypt ion
Scope of the Article: VLSI Algorithms

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E0343101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:22:39 +0000

Performance Evaluation of Heart from its Mathematical Model using Matlab Simulink
Manjiri R. Purohit¹, V. D. Hajare²
¹Manjiri R. Purohit, Pursuing ME, Instrumentation and Control.
²Mr. V. D. Hajare, M. Tech, Instrumentation and Control.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 101-105 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0343101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Mathematical modeling of the biological systems plays a vital role in understanding of their activities and abnormalities associated with them. Various approaches are there in existence for the mathematical representation of the systems. This paper discusses mathematical modeling of the heart based on the activity of the heart by carotid baroreflex control mechanism as a stimulant. With the mathematical modeling, understanding the complex behavior of the system has become simple. The model shows the normal pressure variations of the heart’s chambers within the standard ranges. The model can then further be used for various clinical and research applications.
Keywords: Heart; Mathematical Modeling; Simulation.
Scope of the Article: Mathematical Modeling

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E0342101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:12:07 +0000

Conversion and Installation Procedure Of256p Rax to Anrax
B. Chandra Shekar¹, V. Prudhvi Raj², A. Rama Krishna³
¹B. Chandra Shekar, B-Tech (IV/IV), Dept. of ECM, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, A. P, India.
²V. Prudhvi Raj, B-Tech (IV/IV), Dept. of ECM, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, A. P, India.
³A. Rama Krishna, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECM, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 97-101 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0342101612/2012©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The present manuscript deals with the conversion of 256P RAX to AN-RAX and also the installation procedure of 256P RAX to AN-RAX. The 256P RAX uses only 184 lines PSTN subscribers but if we convert it into ANRAX it uses 248 lines PSTN subscribers through V5.2 protocol. The 256P RAX consists of three racks, they are: 1) Power Distribution Panel (PDP), 2)Master Frame & 3)Slave Frame. After the conversion of 256P RAX to AN-RAX we can use the master frame as slave frame and slave frame as master frame, both will be same after the conversion. To do the conversion of 256P RAX some of the cards become redundant and those cards have to be removed. Then the modification will be done for the 256P RAX. The conversion and installation procedure is completely done in five steps. The main objective for converting the 256P RAX we can have the maximum lines for the exchange.
Keywords: 256P RAX, ACCESS NETWORK RURAL AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE (AN-RAX), PUBLIC SWITCHING TELEPHONE NETWORK (PSTN), V5.2 protocol Standard interface between LE and AN, Local Exchange (LE), AN-RAX Controller Card (ARC), AN-RAX Interface Card (ARI).
Scope of the Article: Artificial Neural Network

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E0340101612

IJITEE Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 06:08:52 +0000

Two Dimensional Cellular Automata for Pseudo Random Number Generation
Vivekananda M¹, R.P. Das², K.V. Ramana Rao³
¹M. Vivekanada, Department of ECE, JNTUK University/Pydah College of Engineering and Technology/ Visakhapatnam, India.
²R.P. Das, Department of ECE, JNTUK University/Pydah College of Engineering and Technology / Visakhapatnam, India.
Manuscript received on 15 November 2012 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 November 2012 | Manuscript Published on 30 November 2012 | PP: 94-96 | Volume-1 Issue-6, November 2012 | Retrieval Number: E0340101612/2012©BEIESP
Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Cellular automata (CA) were initiated in the early 1950s to develop complex structures of capable self-reproduction and self-repair. Since then many researchers have taken attend in the study of CA. Initially, CA concept was first introduced by von Neumann von Neumann (1966) for the proposal of modeling biological self-reproduction. His primary interest was to derive a computationally universal cellular space with self-reproduction configurations. Afterward, a new phase of activities was started by Wolfram Wolfram (1983; 1984), who pioneered the investigation of CA as a mathematical model for self-organizing statistical systems. Wolfram was proved that the randomness of the patterns generated by maximum-length CA is significantly better than other widely used methods, such as linear feedback shift registers. The intensive interest in this field can be attributed to the phenomenal growth of the VLSI technology that permits cost-effective realization of the simple structure of local-neighborhood CA Wolfram (1986). In this paper, an efficient PRNG based on hybrid between one-dimension (1-D) and two-dimension (2-D) CA is proposed. In the phase of the evolution of 2-D CA cells, the proposed CA PRNG is based on von Neumann neighborhood, in that this method refers to the five cells and new control values (rule decision input value & linear control input value) to decide a rule. In the phase of the evolution of 1-D CA cells, on the other hand,< 90, 150 > rule combination is used because this rule combination is better than the others Hortensius et al. (1989). In the meantime, the proposed CA PRNG is compared with previous works Guan et al. (2004); Tomassini et al. (2000) to check the quality of randomness. The proposed CA PRNG could generate a good quality of randomness because the proposed CA PRNG is better than the previous works and passed by the ENT Walker. In this project we have tried to verify the basic characterization of 2-D CA using a Xilinx Spartan 3E fpga.
Keywords: About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
Scope of the Article: Artificial Neural Network

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