Volume-12 Issue-4, March 2023 – International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

D94620312423

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 25 Jul 2025 09:23:51 +0000

The International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) has ISSN: 2278-3075 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical monthly international journal. This journal is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.The journal aims to publish high–quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-Power Design #Nanometer-Scale Integrated Circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano Electronics and Quantum Computing #3. Challenges of Industry and their Solutions, Communications #Advanced Manufacturing Technologies #Artificial Intelligence #Autonomous Robots #Augmented Reality #Big Data Analytics and Business Intelligence #Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) #Digital Clone or Simulation #Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) #Manufacturing IoT #Plant Cyber Security #Smart Solutions – Wearable Sensors and Smart Glasses #System Integration #Small Batch Manufacturing #Visual Analytics #Virtual Reality #3D Printing # Internet of Things (IoT) #Internet of Things (IoT) & IoE & Edge Computing #Distributed Mobile Applications Utilizing IoT #Security, Privacy and Trust in IoT & IoE #Standards for IoT Applications #Ubiquitous Computing #Block Chain-enabled IoT Device and Data Security and Privacy #Application of WSN in IoT #Cloud Resources Utilization in IoT #Wireless Access Technologies for IoT #Mobile Applications and Services for IoT #Machine/ Deep Learning with IoT & IoE #Smart Sensors and Internet of Things for Smart City #Logic, Functional programming and Microcontrollers for IoT #Sensor Networks, Actuators for Internet of Things #Data Visualization using IoT #IoT Application and Communication Protocol #Big Data Analytics for Social Networking using IoT #IoT Applications for Smart Cities #Emulation and Simulation Methodologies for IoT #IoT Applied for Digital Contents #Microwaves and Photonics #Microwave filter #Micro Strip antenna #Microwave Link design #Microwave oscillator #Frequency selective surface #Microwave Antenna #Microwave Photonics #Radio over Fibre #Optical Communication, #Optical Oscillator #Optical Link Design #Optical Phase Lock Loop #Optical Devices #Computation Intelligence and Analytics #Soft Computing #Advance Ubiquitous Computing #Parallel Computing #Distributed Computing #Machine Learning #Information Retrieval #Expert Systems #Data Mining #Text Mining #Data Warehousing #Predictive Analysis #Data Management #Big Data Analytics #Big Data Security #Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transmission #Energy Harvesting and Transfer for Wireless Sensor Networks #Economics of Energy Harvesting Communications #Waveform Optimization for Wireless Power Transfer #RF Energy Harvesting #Wireless Power Transmission #Microstrip Antenna Design and Application #Wearable Textile Antenna #Luminescence #Rectenna #Advance Concept of Networking and Database #Computer Network #Mobile Adhoc Network #Image Security #Application Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Field of Network and Database #Data Analytic #High Performance Computing #Pattern Recognition #Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Mining (KM) #Regression and Prediction #Problem Solving and Planning #Clustering #Classification #Neural Information Processing #Vision and Speech Perception #Heterogeneous and Streaming Data #Natural Language Processing #Probabilistic Models and Methods #Reasoning and inference #Marketing and Social Sciences #Data Mining #Knowledge Discovery #Web Mining #Information Retrieval #Design and Diagnosis #Game Playing #Streaming Data #Music Modelling and Analysis #Robotics and Control #Multi-Agent Systems #Bioinformatics #Social Sciences #Industrial Financial and Scientific Applications of All Kind #Advanced Computer Networking Computational Intelligence #Data Management, Exploration, and Mining #Robotics #Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning #Computer Architecture and VLSI #Computer Graphics, Simulation, and Modelling #Digital System and Logic Design #Natural Language Processing and Machine Translation #Parallel and Distributed Algorithms #Pattern Recognition and Analysis #Systems and Software Engineering #Nature Inspired Computing #Signal and Image Processing #Reconfigurable Computing #Cloud, Cluster, Grid and P2P Computing #Biomedical Computing #Advanced Bioinformatics #Green Computing #Mobile Computing #Nano Ubiquitous Computing #Context Awareness and Personalization, Autonomic and Trusted Computing #Cryptography and Applied Mathematics #Security, Trust and Privacy #Digital Rights Management #Networked-Driven Multicourse Chips #Internet Computing #Agricultural Informatics and Communication #Community Information Systems #Computational Economics, Digital Photogrammetric #Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS #Disaster Management #e-governance, e-Commerce, e-business, e-Learning #Forest Genomics and Informatics #Healthcare Informatics #Information Ecology and Knowledge Management #Irrigation Informatics #Neuro-Informatics #Open Source: Challenges and opportunities #Web-Based Learning: Innovation and Challenges #Soft computing Signal and Speech Processing #Natural Language Processing #Communications #Microstrip Antenna #Microwave #Radar and Satellite #Smart Antenna #MIMO Antenna #Wireless Communication #RFID Network and Applications #5G Communication #6G Communication #Algorithms and Complexity #Sequential, Parallel and Distributed Algorithms and Data Structures #Approximation and Randomized Algorithms #Graph Algorithms and Graph Drawing #On-Line and Streaming Algorithms #Analysis of Algorithms and Computational Complexity #Algorithm Engineering #Web Algorithms #Exact and Parameterized Computation #Algorithmic Game Theory #Computational Biology #Foundations of Communication Networks #Computational Geometry #Discrete Optimization #Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering #Software Engineering Methodologies #Agent-Based Software Engineering #Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Software Engineering #Component-Based Software Engineering #Embedded and Ubiquitous Software Engineering #Aspect-Based Software Engineering #Empirical Software Engineering #Search-Based Software Engineering #Automated Software Design and Synthesis #Computer-Supported Cooperative Work #Automated Software Specification #Reverse Engineering #Software Engineering Techniques and Production Perspectives #Requirements Engineering #Software Analysis, Design and Modelling #Software Maintenance and Evolution #Software Engineering Tools and Environments #Software Engineering Decision Support #Software Design Patterns #Software Product Lines #Process and Workflow Management #Reflection and Metadata Approaches #Program Understanding and System Maintenance #Software Domain Modelling and Analysis #Software Economics #Multimedia and Hypermedia Software Engineering #Software Engineering Case Study and Experience Reports #Enterprise Software, Middleware, and Tools #Artificial Intelligent Methods, Models, Techniques #Artificial Life and Societies #Swarm Intelligence #Smart Spaces #Autonomic Computing and Agent-Based Systems #Autonomic Computing #Adaptive Systems #Agent Architectures, Ontologies, Languages and Protocols #Multi-Agent Systems #Agent-Based Learning and Knowledge Discovery #Interface Agents #Agent-Based Auctions and Marketplaces #Secure Mobile and Multi-Agent Systems #Mobile Agents #SOA and Service-Oriented Systems #Service-Centric Software Engineering #Service Oriented Requirements Engineering #Service Oriented Architectures #Middleware for Service Based Systems #Service Discovery and Composition #Service Level Agreements (Drafting, Negotiation, Monitoring and Management) #Runtime Service Management #Semantic Web #Data Modelling, Mining and Data Analytics #Aggregation, Integration, and Transformation #Web and Text Mining #Data Mining Methods, Techniques, and Tools #Data Analytics Modelling and Algorithms #Patterns and Frameworks #Data Visualization #Knowledge Systems and Engineering #Knowledge Acquisition #Knowledge-Based and Expert Systems #Knowledge Representation and Retrievals #Knowledge Engineering Tools and Techniques #Time and Knowledge Management Tools #Knowledge Modelling, Integration, Transformation, and Management, #Uncertainty Knowledge Management #Knowledge Visualization #Mobile Computing and Mobile System Engineering #Mobile App Design and Development #Innovative Mobile Applications #Pervasive Computing #Mobile System Validation and Test Automation #Software & System Quality of Service #Soft Computing #Software and System Testing Methods #Quality Assurance Process, Standards, and Systems #Software Safety Systems #Software Test Automation and Tools #Software Dependability, Reliability, Scalability #Software & System Security #Software and System Security and Privacy #Mobile App Security and Privacy #Encryption Methods and Tools #Security Service Systems #Cloud, Sensor Cloud and Mobile Cloud Security #Mobile System Integrity, Security and Fault Tolerance #Emergent Topics #Cloud Computing and Innovative Cloud-Based Application Systems #Mobile Cloud Computing and Application Services #Big Data Analytics Application Systems #Innovative Sensing Cloud and Systems #Large-Scale Cyber Systems #IoT and Smart City Application Systems #Big Data Quality Validation #Big Data Application Quality Services #Smart Learning and Innovative Education Systems #Learning Software Design Engineering #Smart Learning Methods and Environments #Online Learning Systems #Mobile Enabled Learning Systems and Tools #Computer Networks and Inventive Communication Technologies #Addressing & Location Management #Broadband Access Technologies #Adhoc and Sensor Networks #Cross Layer Design and Optimization #Heterogeneous Wireless Networks #High Speed Networks #Internet and Web Applications #Measurement & Performance Analysis #Mobile & Broadband Wireless Internet #Mobile Networks & Wireless LAN #Network Architectures #Network Based Applications #Network Protocols & Wireless Networks #Network Operations & Management #Network Security Trust, & Privacy #Next Generation Internet & Web Architectures #Peer to Peer and Overlay Networks #QOS And Resource Management #Recent Trends & Developments in Computer Networks #Routing, Switching and Addressing Techniques #Self-Organizing Networks and Networked Systems #Ubiquitous Networks #Virtual & Overlay Networks #Wireless Communications #Wireless Mesh Networks and Protocols #Wireless Multimedia Systems #Personal and Wearable Networks #Wireless ad hoc & Sensor Networks #Information-Centric Networking #Embedded Networks #Opportunistic Networking #Delay-Tolerant Networks #Cognitive Radio Networks #Vehicular Networks #Smart Grid Communications #Underwater Sensor Networks #Cyber-Physical Systems #Social Networks #Mobile and Ubiquitous Networking #Green Networking #Overlay and Peer-to-Peer Networks #Local-Area and Metropolitan-Area Networks #Storage-Area Networks #Routing and Transport Protocols #Big Data Networking #Cloud Computing and Networking #Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization #Internet of Things #Link Technologies #Adaptive Networking Applications #Authentication, Authorization, Accounting #Security and Privacy #Cross-Layer Optimization #Mobility and Location-Dependent Services #Multimedia and Real-Time Communication #Machine-to-Machine Communications for Smart Environments #Smart Cities #Network Traffic Characterization and Measurements #Network Management, Reliability and QoS #Performance Evaluation of Networks #Testbeds for Network Experiments #Network Coding #Optical and High-Speed Access Networks #Resent Engineering and Nano Technology #Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models #Bio-Science and Bio-Technology #Collaborative Applications #Communication Architectures for Pervasive Computing #Computer Vision #Computer Science and Its Applications #Computational Techniques in Civil Engineering #Control and Automation #Concrete Engineering #CAD/CAM/CIM #CAE #Database Theory and Application #Data Base Management System #Data Mining #Decision Making #Digital Signal Processing Theory #Distributed Sensor Networks #Distributed Computing #Mechanical Design #Evolutionary Computing and Intelligent Systems #Expert Approaches #Environmental Engineering #Fuzzy logics #Foundation Engineering #FEA #GPS and Location-Based Applications #Grid Networking/ Computing #GEOTECH Engineering #Highways #Human Computer Interaction (HCI) #Image Analysis and Processing #Information and Data Security #Internet Technologies, Infrastructure, Services & Applications #Nano Technology #Mobile Computing and Applications #Multimedia Communications #Network Modelling and Simulation #Network Performance, Protocols, Sensors #Networking Theory and Technologies #Open Models and Architectures #Pattern Recognition #Perception and Semantic Interpretation #Production #Real-Time Information Systems #Remote Sensing #Security Technology and Information Assurance #Soft Computing #Software Engineering & Its Applications #Signal Control System & Processing #Speech Interface, Speech processing #Structural Engineering #Thermal Engineering #Ubiquitous Multimedia Computing #Vision-Based Applications #VLSI Algorithms #Web Technologies #Textile Engineering #Recent on Mechanical Engineering and Technology #Fluid Mechanics #Applied Mathematics and Mechanics #Biomechanics #Heat Transfer #Solid Mechanics #Refrigeration and Air Conditioning #Renewable Energy Technology #Materials Engineering #Composite Materials #Marine Engineering #Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engineering #Textile Engineering #Industrial Engineering #Operational Research #Manufacturing Processes #Machine Design #Quality Control #Mechanical Maintenance #Tribology #CAD/CAM #Aeronautical Engineering #Production Engineering #Welding Technology #Robotics Engineering #Aerospace Engineering #Metallurgy #Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences #Solid and Structural Mechanics #Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics #Advance Civil Engineering and Technology #Assemblage and System #Behaviour of Structures #Behaviour of Structures under Seismic Loads #Building and Environmental Acoustics #Building Climate Systems #Building Energy #Civil and Environmental Engineering #Coastal Engineering #Composite Materials #Concrete Structures #Construction Economics #Construction Engineering #Design and Performance of Green Building #Design Optimization of Structures #Earthquake Engineering #Energy Efficient Building Technology #Energy Saving Building Materials #Evaluation of Building Envelope Systems under Structural and Environmental Loads #Evaluation of Glazing Systems for Energy Performance #Fire Engineering #Foundations Dynamics #Geotechnical Engineering #Health Monitoring and Life Prediction of Structures #High Performance Concrete #Hydraulic Engineering #Life Cycle Engineering #Materials and Durability #Materials Engineering #Mechanics and Materials Aspects of Advanced Construction Materials #Municipal or Urban Engineering #Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation #Numerical Modelling of Structures #Optimal Design of Structures #Properties and Mechanics of Concrete #Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Public Works #Seismic Evaluation of Building Nonstructural Components #Simulation Optimization and Risk Management #Soil-Structure Interaction #Structural Engineering #Structural Evaluation of Panelized and Masonry Wall Systems #Structural Reliability Analysis #Surveying #Sustainable Structures #Transportation Engineering #Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality #Water Supply and Drainage #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

Implementation of Graphical Password Authentication
Abhi Raj¹, Ranjini K², Ayush Kumar³, Noor Poonia⁴, Shambhavi Jhala⁵

">¹Abhi Raj, Undergraduate Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.

²Prof. Ranjini K, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

³Ayush Kumar, Undergraduate Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.

⁴Noor Poonia, Undergraduate Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.

⁵Shambhavi Jhala, Undergraduate Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.

Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A graphical password is a security feature. Among a given set of images, the user is asked to choose a password of their choice which should be in a certain order. This is carried out via a graphical user interface (GUI) and due to this the process is often known as graphical user authentication. Generally, alphanumeric passwords which sometimes are case-sensitive and might include special characters are used. Hence it is the most popular password authentication technique. This approach though, has demonstrated substantial disadvantages. Such as for ease of use and remembrance, users frequently select passwords that can be guessed without much effort. Although, a difficult password will entail an increased probability of forgetting the password. Researchers have created authentication techniques that use photos as a password to get around the issue of low security. In this paper, we address this issue of low security and present our proposed solution to this particular problem which is based on the idea that people can remember images better than text.

Keywords: ReactJs, Django, JavaScript
Scope of the Article: Authentication

Download PDF

The post D94620312423 appeared first on International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE).

C980813030224

IJITEE Journal — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 12:14:16 +0000

Securing the User Registration Process in an IP Telephony System using Blockchain and KYC Technologies
Sekoude Jehovah-Nis Pedrie SONON¹, Tahirou DJARA², Abdou Wahidi BELLO³, Matine OUSMANE⁴

¹Sekoude Jehovah-Nis Pedrie SONON, Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique de Télécommunication et d’Informatique Appliquée, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (LETIA/UAC), Institut d’Innovation Technologique (IITECH SARL), BENIN,

²Tahirou DJARA, Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique de Télécommunication et d’Informatique Appliquée / Université d’Abomey-Calavi (LETIA/UAC), Institut d’Innovation Technologique (IITECH SARL), BENIN,

³Abdou Wahidi BELLO, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Institut d’Innovation Technologique (IITECH SARL), BENIN,

⁴Matine OUSMANE, Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique de Télécommunication et d’Informatique Appliquée / Université d’AbomeyCalavi (LETIA/UAC), Institut d’Innovation Technologique (IITECH SARL), BENIN,

Abstract: In this article, we develop a solution for securing IP telephony networks. The solution developed is based on revolutionary blockchain technology. It uses KYC, facial recognition and OTP techniques to secure the various levels of user interaction with the ToIP network (enrolment, authentication, communication session, post-communication session). A comparative study, based on the Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric blockchains, enabled us to select Hyperledger Fabric as the development framework for our blockchain. The criteria justifying our choice are essentially: the modularity of the architecture, the variety of programming languages for smart contracts, the possibility of creating private channels between network members, high access control and data confidentiality, as well as a flexible consensus model. These criteria are crucial, as they guarantee both the robustness and flexibility of the network in a shared communication data context. To guarantee data confidentiality, access rights management and transaction speed, we opted for a private blockchain developed under the Hyperledger Fabric framework.

Keywords: Blockchain, Hyperledger fabric, IP telephony, KYC Security Voice overIP.
Scope of the Article: Telecommunication

Download PDF

The post C980813030224 appeared first on International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE).

C105014030225

IJITEE Journal — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 12:06:57 +0000

Optimizing Neural Network Training for Image Classification Using Hybrid PSO-GABackpropagation Algorithms
Essang Samuel Okon¹, Stephen I. Okeke², Ante Jackson Efiong³, Francis Runyi, Fadugba⁴, Sunday Emmanuel⁵, Augustine Ogbaji Otobi⁶

¹Essang Samuel Okon, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria.

²Stephen I. Okeke, International Institute for Machine Learning, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Department of Industrial Mathematics and Health Statistics, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

³Ante Jackson Efiong, Department of Mathematics, TopFaith University, Mkpatak, Nigeria.

⁴Francis Runyi, Federal Polytechnic Ugep, Nigeria.

⁵Fadugba, Sunday Emmanuel, Department of Mathematics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

⁶Augustine Ogbaji Otobi, University of Calabar Zoe-Sprout International Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Image classification has become a crucial application of artificial intelligence, utilising neural networks to analyse and understand intricate visual input. However, traditional training methods such as backpropagation face significant challenges, including susceptibility to local minima and reliance on optimal hyperparameters. This study investigates a hybrid optimisation system that integrates Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), Genetic Algorithms (GA), and backpropagation to overcome these restrictions. The hybrid PSO-GA-backpropagation algorithm combines the global search abilities of PSO and GA with the local optimisation of backpropagation, facilitating efficient and precise neural network training. The proposed method was applied to both simulated and real-world datasets, including a binary image classification problem with noisy geometric shapes, as well as standard datasets such as MNIST and CIFAR-10. The hybrid strategy demonstrated enhanced performance, with greater accuracy (92%) and greater resilience to noise compared to independent methods. Essential visualisations, such as loss curves and ROC assessments, underscore the algorithm’s proficient convergence and classification efficacy. Additionally, the analysis of noise sensitivity and parameter optimisation was conducted to guarantee adaptation to various conditions. This study enhances hybrid optimisation methods for neural network training, offering a scalable and resilient solution for high-dimensional image categorisation challenges.

Keywords: Hybrid Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Backpropagation, Image Classification, Neural Network Training
Scope of the Article: Artificial Intelligence & Methods

Download PDF

The post C105014030225 appeared first on International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE).

D94750312423

IJITEE Journal — Fri, 03 Mar 2023 11:12:58 +0000

Delay-Optimistic Multiplier Design using Parallel Prefix Adder with Compressors
J. V. R Ravindra¹, Chava Chaitanya², Kasam Pranya³, Vaddem Sahiti⁴
¹Dr. J.V.R. Ravindra, Principal and Professor, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
²Chava Chaitanya, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
³Kasam Pranya, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
⁴Vaddem Sahiti, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.
Manuscript received on 23 February 2023 | Revised Manuscript received on 27 February 2023 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 March 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2023 | PP: 8-14 | Volume-12 Issue-4, March 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijitee.D94750312423 | DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.D9475.0312423

Abstract: This article provides an illustration of the design process for 5-2 and 7-2 compressors operating at extremely high speeds. When compared to the prior designs, the new approach significantly reduced the gate-level delay while maintaining an appropriate overall transistor and gate count. With the help of 7:2 and 5:2 compressor infusion, when compared to earlier designs, the gate-level latency has been significantly decreased. At the same time, the overall transistor and gate counts have remained within acceptable bounds. The technique was initially developed for the 5-2 compressor and subsequently expanded for the 7-2 design, which exhibits enhanced speed performance in these architectures. To increase performance in terms of latency, we can replace the ripple-carry adder used in the last addition with a parallel-prefix adder. Additionally, careful design considerations were made to keep other factors, such as power consumption and activity levels, within reasonable bounds. The best-reported circuits have also undergone redesigns, and the parasitic components of those circuits have been eliminated using the same method to produce a fair comparison. Using a common 16 × 16- bit multiplier, the performance of the built compressor blocks has also been assessed.

Keywords: 5-2 and 7-2 Compressors, Ripple Carry Adder, Parallel Prefix Adder, Parallel Multiplier, Increased Performance and Speed.
Scope of the Article: Parallel and Distributed Algorithms

Download PDF

The post D94750312423 appeared first on International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE).

D94640312423

IJITEE Journal — Sat, 25 Feb 2023 08:08:21 +0000

Impact of Negative Capacitance Junctionless Nanowire (NCJLNW) MOSFET on Ring Oscillator Design and Analysis
Manish Kumar Rai¹, Sanjeev Rai²
¹Manish Kumar Rai, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering & Management, Pune (M.H), India.
²Sanjeev Rai, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj (U.P), India.
Manuscript received on 10 February 2023 | Revised Manuscript received on 18 February 2023 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 March 2023 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2023 | PP: 1-7 | Volume-12 Issue-4, March 2023 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijitee.D94640312423 | DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.D9464.0312423

Abstract: This work presents the analysis of NCJLNW for lowpower analogue/RF applications. This device exhibits reduced power consumption, fewer SCEs, lower leakage, and a higher Ion/Ioff ratio. The results indicate that the proposed device improves the intrinsic gain, cut-off frequency, and transconductance and reduces DIBL. The analysis of band energy, surface potential, and electric field has also shown promising results. A ring oscillator has been designed using this device; the study of the oscillator reveals a lower operating voltage, resulting in reduced power consumption and high noise immunity. The frequency of oscillation is found to be higher at 172.1 GHz at a channel length of 20 nm.

Keywords: Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), Ferroelectric, Negative capacitance Junction less Nanowire (NCJLNW), Short Channel Effect (SCE).
Scope of the Article: Design and Diagnosis

Download PDF

The post D94640312423 appeared first on International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE).